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### Pointing Things Out in the Salon

When directing a stylist, you'll need to point out exactly where things are. You already know the basic demonstrative pronouns **tämä** (this), **tuo** (that), and **se** (it / that). Just like nouns, these pronouns decline in all the inner and outer local cases. 

If a demonstrative pronoun is paired with a noun (like "this style"), **both** the pronoun and the noun must match in case.

### *Tämä* (This)

When adding case endings to **tämä**, the stem changes to **tä-**. 

| Case | Inner (in, from, to) | Outer (on/with, from, to) |
|---|---|---|
| Inessive / Adessive | **tässä** (in this) | **tällä** (on/with this) |
| Elative / Ablative | **tästä** (from this) | **tältä** (from on this) |
| Illative / Allative | **tähän** (into this) | **tälle** (onto this) |

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Remember that some verbs, like **pitää** (to like), require the elative case (**-sta/-stä**), which applies to the pronoun here as well.

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### *Tuo* (That)

The pronoun **tuo** is easier: the stem stays exactly the same (**tuo-**) before adding the endings. 

| Case | Inner (in, from, to) | Outer (on/with, from, to) |
|---|---|---|
| Inessive / Adessive | **tuossa** (in that) | **tuolla** (on/with that) |
| Elative / Ablative | **tuosta** (from that) | **tuolta** (from on that) |
| Illative / Allative | **tuohon** (into that) | **tuolle** (onto that) |

Notice that the illative form takes a mirrored vowel: **tuo** + **-hVn** becomes **tuohon**.

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The outer adessive case (**-lla/-llä**) can mean "on that", but it is also used to indicate the tool or instrument you use to perform an action ("with that").

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### *Se* (It)

Use **se** to refer to something already mentioned or out of sight. The stem changes to **sii-** for most inner cases, and **si-** for outer cases.

| Case | Inner (in, from, to) | Outer (on/with, from, to) |
|---|---|---|
| Inessive / Adessive | **siinä** (in it) | **sillä** (on/with it) |
| Elative / Ablative | **siitä** (from it) | **siltä** (from on it) |
| Illative / Allative | **siihen** (into it) | **sille** (onto it) |

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Demonstrative pronouns in local cases (tässä, tuossa, siitä)

adjective

adposition

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (tämä, tuo, se)

Singular personal pronouns (minä, sinä, hän)

Plural personal pronouns (me, te, he)

Plural demonstratives (nämä, nuo, ne)

Coordinating conjunctions (ja, mutta, tai)

Yes/no questions (-ko / -kö)

Basic question words (kuka, mikä, missä)

Negation of to be (en ole, ei ole)

The inessive case (-ssa / -ssä)

Double consonant gradation (kk, pp, tt)

Consonant gradation (-ssa/-ssä)

Verb Type 1 (puhun, puhut, puhuu)

Verb Type 1 with consonant gradation

Negative verbs (en puhu, et lue)

External location (-lla/-llä)

There is / there are (kaupungissa on)

Possession (minulla on)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yksi, kaksi, kolme)

The partitive singular (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Quantities with numbers (kaksi autoa)

Negative possession (ei ole)

Numbers 11 to 100 and 1000

Partitive verbs

Partitive personal pronouns (minua, sinua)

Verb Type 2 (-da/-dä)

Partitive for mass nouns (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Partitive for negative objects

Adjective agreement

Verb Type 3

The elative case (-sta/-stä)

Negative possession (minulla ei ole…)

The illative case (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Numbers 21 to 99

Static vs. movement verbs

Verb Type 4 (-Vta / -Vtä)

Verb Type 5 (-ita / -itä)

Genitive singular for possession (-n)

Total object (-n)

Accusative personal pronouns (-t)

Obligation (täytyy)

Into places (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Postpositions with the genitive

My and your (-ni, -si)

Onto and to someone (-lle)

From someone or somewhere (-lta, -ltä)

Telling time (kello on...)

Months of the year (-ssa, -ssä)

Days of the week (-na, -nä)

When and why (milloin, miksi)

The illative case (mihin, -Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Past tense of to be (olin, olit, oli)

The seasons (kevät, kesä, syksy, talvi)

The imperative mood (lue!, syö!, mene!)

The past tense of to be (olin, oli)

The illative case (-hVn, -seen)

Greetings and goodbyes (hei, näkemiin)

Thank you and sorry (kiitos, anteeksi)

Liking things (pitää / tykätä + -sta/-stä)

Temporary states and roles (-na/-nä)

Change of state (-ksi)

Ongoing actions (-massa/-mässä)

Going to do an action (-maan/-mään)

Returning from an action (-masta/-mästä)

Third-person possessives (-nsa/-nsä or -Vn)

Plural possessives (-mme, -nne)

Indefinite pronouns (joku, jokin, kaikki)

Negative indefinite pronouns (ei kukaan, ei mikään)

Commands for verb types 4 and 5

Adverb formation (-sti)

Past tense for verb type 1 (-i-)

Past tense vowel changes for verb type 1 (-o- / -i-)

Past tense for verb type 2 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 3 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 4 (-si-)

Past tense for verb type 5 (-itsi-)

Past tense consonant gradation

Past participles for verb types 1 and 2 (-nut / -nyt)

Past participle singular for verb types 3-5 (-nnut, -llut)

Active past participle plural (-neet)

Past tense negative (en mennyt, emme olleet)

The perfect tense (olen ollut)

The perfect tense negative (en ole nähnyt)

Total plural objects (-t)

Partitive plural (-ia / -iä)

Partitive plural (-ja / -jä)

Question	Answer
the hairdresser	kampaaja
the hair salon	kampaamo
I am a hairdresser in this new hair salon.	Olen kampaaja tässä uudessa kampaamossa.
the style / the model	malli
the fringe	otsatukka
Do you know what style you want for this fringe?	Tiedätkö, minkä mallin haluat tähän otsatukkaan?
straight (adjective)	suora
I like this straight style a lot.	Pidän paljon tästä suorasta mallista.
to dye	värjätä
the hair (single strand)	hius
the highlight	raita
I will dye the hair and put a highlight in that.	Värjään hiukset ja laitan raidan tuohon.
curly	kihara
That highlight is beautiful in that curly fringe.	Tuo raita on kaunis tuossa kiharassa otsatukassa.
to dry	kuivata
Did you dry the straight hair with that towel?	Kuivasitko suorat hiukset tuolla pyyhkeellä?
I drank coffee in that chair when the hairdresser dyed the hair.	Join kahvia tuossa tuolissa, kun kampaaja värjäsi hiukset.
I will take the scissors from that table and dry the hair.	Otan sakset tuolta pöydältä ja kuivaan hiukset.
Do you want a highlight in this? Yes, put a highlight in it.	Haluatko raidan tähän? Kyllä, laita siihen raita.
Are you cutting a lot from that curly hair?	Leikkaatko paljon siitä kiharasta tukasta?
The new hairdresser works in this hair salon.	Uusi kampaaja työskentelee tässä kampaamossa.
such, that kind of	sellainen
I want that kind of style.	Minä haluan sellaisen mallin.
That kind of hair salon is good.	Sellainen kampaamo on hyvä.

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