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### The Ablative Plural (-ilta/-iltä)

The ablative case expresses moving away from a surface, but it is equally common for receiving, asking, or taking something *from* someone.

To describe this with multiple people or creatures, use the ablative plural ending **-lta** or **-ltä** (depending on vowel harmony). It attaches to the plural stem, which always includes the plural marker **-i-**.

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### Stem Changes

Just like in other plural cases, adding the plural **-i-** can alter the final vowel of the word and trigger consonant gradation:
- *peikko* (troll) → *peikoilta* (double *kk* becomes single *k*)
- *noita* (witch) → *noidilta* (*t* softens to *d*)
- *prinsessa* (princess) → *prinsessoilta* (final *-a* becomes *-o-*)

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### Common Ablative Verbs

Certain verbs naturally pair with the ablative case to describe a source, transaction, or separation. You will frequently see the ablative used with verbs like *saada* (to get), *ostaa* (to buy), *oppia* (to learn), *pyytää* (to ask for), and *piilottaa* (to hide from).

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Ablative plural (-ilta/-iltä)

adjective

adposition

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (tämä, tuo, se)

Singular personal pronouns (minä, sinä, hän)

Plural personal pronouns (me, te, he)

Plural demonstratives (nämä, nuo, ne)

Coordinating conjunctions (ja, mutta, tai)

Yes/no questions (-ko / -kö)

Basic question words (kuka, mikä, missä)

Negation of to be (en ole, ei ole)

The inessive case (-ssa / -ssä)

Double consonant gradation (kk, pp, tt)

Consonant gradation (-ssa/-ssä)

Verb Type 1 (puhun, puhut, puhuu)

Verb Type 1 with consonant gradation

Negative verbs (en puhu, et lue)

External location (-lla/-llä)

There is / there are (kaupungissa on)

Possession (minulla on)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yksi, kaksi, kolme)

The partitive singular (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Quantities with numbers (kaksi autoa)

Negative possession (ei ole)

Numbers 11 to 100 and 1000

Partitive verbs

Partitive personal pronouns (minua, sinua)

Verb Type 2 (-da/-dä)

Partitive for mass nouns (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Partitive for negative objects

Adjective agreement

Verb Type 3

The elative case (-sta/-stä)

Negative possession (minulla ei ole…)

The illative case (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Numbers 21 to 99

Static vs. movement verbs

Verb Type 4 (-Vta / -Vtä)

Verb Type 5 (-ita / -itä)

Genitive singular for possession (-n)

Total object (-n)

Accusative personal pronouns (-t)

Obligation (täytyy)

Into places (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Postpositions with the genitive

My and your (-ni, -si)

Onto and to someone (-lle)

From someone or somewhere (-lta, -ltä)

Telling time (kello on...)

Months of the year (-ssa, -ssä)

Days of the week (-na, -nä)

When and why (milloin, miksi)

The illative case (mihin, -Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Past tense of to be (olin, olit, oli)

The seasons (kevät, kesä, syksy, talvi)

The imperative mood (lue!, syö!, mene!)

The past tense of to be (olin, oli)

The illative case (-hVn, -seen)

Greetings and goodbyes (hei, näkemiin)

Thank you and sorry (kiitos, anteeksi)

Liking things (pitää / tykätä + -sta/-stä)

Temporary states and roles (-na/-nä)

Change of state (-ksi)

Ongoing actions (-massa/-mässä)

Going to do an action (-maan/-mään)

Returning from an action (-masta/-mästä)

Third-person possessives (-nsa/-nsä or -Vn)

Plural possessives (-mme, -nne)

Indefinite pronouns (joku, jokin, kaikki)

Negative indefinite pronouns (ei kukaan, ei mikään)

Commands for verb types 4 and 5

Adverb formation (-sti)

Past tense for verb type 1 (-i-)

Past tense vowel changes for verb type 1 (-o- / -i-)

Past tense for verb type 2 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 3 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 4 (-si-)

Past tense for verb type 5 (-itsi-)

Past tense consonant gradation

Past participles for verb types 1 and 2 (-nut / -nyt)

Past participle singular for verb types 3-5 (-nnut, -llut)

Active past participle plural (-neet)

Past tense negative (en mennyt, emme olleet)

The perfect tense (olen ollut)

The perfect tense negative (en ole nähnyt)

Total plural objects (-t)

Partitive plural (-ia / -iä)

Partitive plural (-ja / -jä)

Question	Answer
sword	miekka
king	kuningas
The boy got a sword from the kings.	Poika sai miekan kuninkailta.
crown	kruunu
princess	prinsessa
The woman did not get a crown from the princesses.	Nainen ei saanut kruunua prinsessoilta.
troll	peikko
I asked the trolls for gold.	Minä pyysin kultaa peikoilta.
witch	noita
The girl learned new words from the witches.	Tyttö oppi uusia sanoja noidilta.
ring	sormus
monster	hirviö
I hid the ring from the monsters.	Minä piilotin sormuksen hirviöiltä.
elf	tonttu
The children always get apples from the elves.	Lapset saavat aina omenoita tontuilta.
fairy	keiju
The elves buy bread from the fairies.	Tontut ostavat leipää keijuilta.
The boy did not get swords from the monsters.	Poika ei saanut miekkoja hirviöiltä.
The sister did not buy the ring from the witches.	Sisko ei ostanut sormusta noidilta.
I take the crowns from the kings.	Minä otan kruunut kuninkailta.
We got a letter from the princesses.	Me saimme kirjeen prinsessoilta.
The man borrows a sword from the trolls.	Mies lainaa miekan peikoilta.
I did not ask the fairies for gold.	Minä en pyytänyt kultaa keijuilta.