Learn Farsi: این که باران نمی‌بارد منجر به بی‌آبی می‌شود. - The fact that it does not rain results in water shortage.

The compound verb monjar shodan be means 'to result in' or 'to lead to'. Because it uses the preposition be (to/in), whatever follows it must be a noun phrase or a long infinitive. Here, the preposition links directly to the noun bi-ābi (water shortage).

Why does the sentence start with in ke?

in ke literally means 'this that' and is used to turn an entire clause into a noun phrase. Here, it turns the action bārān nemi-bārad (it doesn't rain) into the subject of the sentence: 'the fact that it doesn't rain'. You need this so the weather clause can act as the subject for the main verb mi-shavad.

How is the word bi-ābi formed?

It is constructed from three parts: the negative prefix bi- (without), the root noun āb (water), and the suffix -i which forms abstract nouns. Together, they create a new noun meaning 'waterlessness' or 'water shortage'.

Why do we say bārān nemi-bārad instead of using a word for 'it'?

Unlike English, which uses the dummy subject 'it' for weather expressions (like 'it is raining' or 'it snows'), Farsi uses the weather phenomenon itself as the subject of the verb. Therefore, the literal phrasing is 'rain does not rain'.