Breakdown of ضمن اینکه این توربینها برق تولید میکنند، فایدههای زیستمحیطی دارند.
این
this
داشتنdâshtan
to have
برقbarq
electricity
تولید کردنtolid kardan
to produce
فایدهfâyede
benefit / use
ضمن اینکهzemn-e inke
while / at the same time that (in addition)
توربینtorbin
turbine
زیستمحیطیzist-mohiti
environmental
Questions & Answers about ضمن اینکه این توربینها برق تولید میکنند، فایدههای زیستمحیطی دارند.
Why do we use the indicative verb تولید میکنند after ضمن اینکه instead of the subjunctive?
The conjunction ضمن اینکه translates to 'besides the fact that' or 'while' in an additive sense. Because it introduces a concrete, established fact (the turbines actually do produce electricity) rather than a hypothetical condition or a wish, the verb must be in the indicative mood.
Does ضمن اینکه mean 'while' in the sense of time passing, or 'while' as a contrast?
Neither, actually! Here, it means 'while' in the sense of addition, similar to 'besides' or 'along with.' It tells us the turbines do two complementary things: they produce electricity, and in addition to that, they have environmental benefits. If you wanted to show contrast (like 'although'), you would use با اینکه.
How is the word زیستمحیطی built to mean 'environmental'?
It comes from the noun phrase محیط زیست which means 'the environment' (محیط means surroundings, and زیست relates to living). To turn this into an adjective meaning 'environmental', the two words form a compound root and the adjective-forming suffix ـی is added to the end.
Could I place ضمن اینکه in the middle of the sentence instead of at the beginning?
Yes, subordinating conjunctions of addition can often go between the clauses. You could say این توربینها فایدههای زیستمحیطی دارند، ضمن اینکه برق تولید میکنند (These turbines have environmental benefits, besides the fact that they produce electricity).
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