Breakdown of خرس غران گردشگرها را در جنگل ترساند.
درdar
in
راrâ
definite direct object marker
ترساندنtarsândan
to scare
خرسkhers
bear
جنگلjangal
forest
گردشگرgardeshgar
tourist
غریدنghoridan
to roar
Questions & Answers about خرس غران گردشگرها را در جنگل ترساند.
How is ghorrân (roaring) formed in this sentence?
It uses the present participle suffix -ân, which you add to the present stem of a verb to show an ongoing state or manner. Here, it is attached to the present stem of ghorridan (to roar), creating ghorrân (roaring).
Since ghorrân is a verb form, does it need an ezafe when paired with khers (bear)?
Yes! Even though ghorrân comes from a verb, the -ân suffix turns it into an adjective here. Just like any normal noun-adjective pair, it needs an unseen ezafe to connect them, making it pronounced as khers-e ghorrân (the roaring bear).
The verb tarsând means 'frightened', but isn't the verb for fear tarsidan?
Exactly! tarsidan means 'to be afraid' (an internal state). To say 'to make someone afraid' (to frighten), Farsi uses the causative form. You take the present stem of a verb (here, tars) and add -ândan, giving us tarsândan (to frighten). tarsând is the simple past tense of this new causative verb.
Why does râ come immediately after gardeshgarhâ instead of right before the verb?
The word râ must immediately follow the specific direct object it marks. The tourists (gardeshgarhâ) are the ones being frightened, making them the direct object. The phrase dar jangal (in the forest) tells us the location and is not part of the direct object, so râ cannot go after it.
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