Learn Farsi: شیشه‌ی پنجره کاملاً خرد شد.

No, because khord shodan is an intransitive verb, meaning the action happens to the subject itself without taking a direct object. To say someone shattered something, you must use its transitive pair: khord kardan (to do the shattering). For example, u shishe râ khord kard means a person shattered the glass.

Does the word khord only apply to breaking things?

Not exactly. On its own, khord means small, tiny, or crushed. When combined with shodan, it literally means to become crushed into small pieces. You will also see this word used in everyday life for small change (coins), which is called pule khord.

What is the little double-dash symbol over the Alef at the end of kâmelan (کاملاً)?

That symbol is a marker called a tanvin. In Farsi, adding this -an sound to the end of an Arabic-origin adjective turns it into an adverb. Here, it takes the adjective kâmel (complete) and turns it into the adverb kâmelan (completely).

Why is there a -ye sound connecting the first two words (shishe-ye panjare)?

That is the Ezafe, which links the two nouns to mean the glass of the window. Because the word shishe (glass) ends in a vowel sound, you must insert a y sound to smoothly connect it to the Ezafe. Even though it is pronounced shishe-ye, the extra sound is usually left unwritten in everyday Farsi text.