Learn Farsi: آیا شما ساختار ترن هوایی را محاسبه خواهید کرد؟ - Will you calculate the structure of the rollercoaster?

In Farsi, the future tense is made by conjugating the auxiliary verb khâstan (meaning "will" here) and adding the short infinitive of the main verb. For compound verbs, this auxiliary verb goes between the two parts. So, mohasebeh kardan becomes mohasebeh + khâhid (you will) + kard (short infinitive of kardan).

Why does the direct object marker râ come after teran-e havâyi instead of directly after sâkhtâr (structure)?

The marker râ must always go at the very end of the entire noun phrase that acts as the specific direct object. Since the whole phrase "the structure of the rollercoaster" (sâkhtâr-e teran-e havâyi) is the specific thing being calculated, râ attaches to the very last word.

How do you connect the words sâkhtâr, teran, and havâyi when reading this sentence out loud?

They are connected by the Ezafe (an unstressed "e" sound that acts like "of" or links nouns to adjectives). You pronounce it as sâkhtâr-e teran-e havâyi. As a fun vocabulary note, teran-e havâyi literally translates to "aerial train", which is how you say rollercoaster in Farsi!

Do I always have to use âyâ at the beginning of a sentence to make it a question?

No, âyâ is entirely optional. It is a formal word used to signal that a yes/no question is starting. In everyday spoken Farsi, you can just drop it and use a rising intonation at the end of the sentence to show you are asking a question.