Question 1

How do we form the negative future tense for the compound verb آلوده کردن in this sentence?

Accepted Answer

For compound verbs, the non-verbal part (آلوده) stays at the beginning. Then, we take the helper verb خواستن (to want), make it negative, and conjugate it for "we" to get نخواهیم. Finally, we add the short infinitive of the verbal part: کرد (from کردن). Put together, it makes آلوده نخواهیم کرد (we will not pollute).

Question 2

What is a "short infinitive" and how is it formed for کرد in this sentence?

Accepted Answer

The future tense always uses the short infinitive of the main verb. You can easily form the short infinitive by taking the full infinitive, like کردن (to do or make), and dropping the final ن. That leaves you with کرد, which immediately follows the conjugated helper verb نخواهیم.

Question 3

How does the phrase محیط زیست translate to "environment"?

Accepted Answer

It is a combination of two words linked by the hidden ezâfe sound (-e). محیط means "surroundings" or "environment", and زیست means "life" or "living". Together, محیطِ زیست (mohit-e zist) literally means "surroundings of life," which is the standard Farsi term for the natural environment.

Question 4

Why does را come right after محیط زیست instead of later in the sentence?

Accepted Answer

The word را marks the specific direct object that is receiving the action. Here, the thing being polluted is "the environment" (محیط زیست). The marker را must attach immediately after this noun phrase, coming before the extra information با پلاستیک (with plastic) and the verb at the very end.

ما محیط زیست را با پلاستیک آلوده نخواهیم کرد.

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