Learn Farsi: این فضانوردان به دومین سیاره خواهند رسید. - These astronauts will arrive at the second planet.

It uses the helping verb khâstan (to want/will). Because the subject is "these astronauts" (they), it is conjugated as khâhand. This is followed by the short infinitive of the main verb, resid (from residan, to arrive). Together, khâhand resid gives us the future tense "they will arrive".

Why does fazâ-navardân (astronauts) end in -ân instead of the usual plural ending -hâ?

The suffix -ân is a traditional plural marker used specifically for people and animate beings. Because astronauts are people, fazâ-navardân is used here. In everyday casual speech, you might still hear fazâ-navard-hâ, which is also correct.

The English translation says "these astronauts", but why is in (this/these) not pluralized?

In Farsi, demonstrative words like in (this/these) and ân (that/those) never take a plural ending when they come directly before a noun. The noun itself (fazâ-navardân) already does the job of showing that there is more than one.

Why is "second" (dovomin) placed before "planet" (sayâre) without an ezafe (the connecting 'e' sound)?

Ordinal numbers that end in -in (like dovomin for "second", sevomin for "third") are an exception to the usual noun-adjective order. They always go the noun, and they do not take an . If you used the alternative form , it would go the noun with an : .