Learn Farsi: کتش سیاه است.

It combines the word for coat, کت (kot), with the third-person singular possessive ending -ش (-ash). In Farsi, instead of using a separate word for his, her, or its, we attach this ending directly to the noun. So, کت plus -ش becomes کتش (kot-ash).

Can کتش also mean "her coat"?

Yes, it can mean either! Farsi pronouns and possessive endings do not show gender. The ending -ش (-ash) translates to his, her, or its. You will know exactly who the coat belongs to from the context of the conversation.

Why does the letter ت in کت change its shape when the ending is added?

Farsi letters often change shape depending on where they sit in a word. The letter ت (te) is a connector letter. When we add the ending -ش (-ash) to کت, the ت changes from its standalone form into a connecting form so it can join smoothly with the ش (shin) at the end.

Why does the verb است come at the very end of the sentence?

Farsi places the verb at the end of the sentence. The subject is کتش (his coat), followed by the adjective سیاه (black), and it finishes with the verb است (is). Putting the verb at the very end is the standard rule for Farsi sentences.