Verb-subject inversion (goft…)

Standard Sentence Order

Farsi generally follows a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order in everyday speech and normal narration.

Verb-Subject Inversion for Quotes

In formal writing, folklore, and journalism, Farsi uses a special structure to introduce quotes. The reporting verb is placed at the absolute beginning of the clause, immediately before the subject.

This literary inversion translates roughly to "Said the narrator..." or "Added the king...". It signals a direct quote and elevates the tone of the story or report.

Inverting Compound Verbs

Many formal reporting verbs are compound verbs, such as اظهار داشتن (to state), پاسخ دادن (to reply), or بیان کردن (to declare).

When applying verb-subject inversion to these, the entire compound verb moves to the front of the sentence, completely preceding the subject.