The past passive voice (shod)

The Simple Past Passive Voice

To describe completed actions where the focus is on the receiver rather than the doer, use the simple past passive.

For simple verbs, combine the past participle of the main verb (past stem + ـه) with the simple past of شدن (to become). Because passive subjects are usually the things receiving the action, you will mostly use the third-person singular (شد) or plural (شدند).

In Persian, plural inanimate subjects can take either singular or plural verbs.

Compound Verbs in the Past Passive

For compound verbs that use کردن (to do/make), forming the passive is even simpler. Instead of creating a past participle, just replace کردن with شد or شدند.

Notice how this plural inanimate subject takes a singular verb in the passive: