The Simple Past Passive Voice
To describe completed actions where the focus is on the receiver rather than the doer, use the simple past passive.
For simple verbs, combine the past participle of the main verb (past stem + ـه) with the simple past of شدن (to become). Because passive subjects are usually the things receiving the action, you will mostly use the third-person singular (شد) or plural (شدند).
| The red ruby was cut for the king. | یاقوت قرمز برای پادشاه تراشیده شد.yâqut-e qermez barâye pâdeshâh tarâshide shod. |
In Persian, plural inanimate subjects can take either singular or plural verbs.
| The shiny stones were sent to the city. | سنگهای براق به شهر فرستاده شدند.sang-hâ-ye barrâq be shahr ferestâde shodand |
| Both the tunnel and the road were built for the mine. | هم تونل و هم جاده برای معدن ساخته شدند.ham tunel va ham jâdde barâye ma'dan sâkhte shodand. |
Compound Verbs in the Past Passive
For compound verbs that use کردن (to do/make), forming the passive is even simpler. Instead of creating a past participle, just replace کردن with شد or شدند.
| This mine was found in the mountain. | این معدن در کوه پیدا شد.in ma'dan dar kuh peydâ shod |
| That dark tunnel was dug. | آن تونل تاریک حفر شد.ân tunel târik hafr shod. |
Notice how this plural inanimate subject takes a singular verb in the passive:
| Five large diamonds were extracted here. | پنج الماس بزرگ اینجا استخراج شد.panj almâs bozorg injâ estekhrâj shod. |
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