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### Adjectives as Nouns

In English, we often use "the" plus an adjective to talk about a whole group of people sharing a characteristic, like "the rich" or "the elderly". In Farsi, you achieve this by simply attaching the standard plural suffix **ها** directly to the adjective.

This instantly turns the adjective into a plural noun representing that group.

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### Acting Like Regular Nouns

Once an adjective is turned into a noun, it follows all the normal grammar rules for nouns. For instance, if the group is the specific direct object of the verb, you must add the object marker **را** after it.

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### Singular Adjectives as Nouns

Just as you can pluralize these adjectives to talk about a group, you can also use them as singular nouns to refer to a single individual with that trait (for example, "a wise person" or "this deaf person").

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### Describing Society

This noun-creation pattern is especially common when discussing broad categories of people and contrasting different groups within society.

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Pluralized adjectives (-hâ)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Question	Answer
elderly	سالمندsâlmand
The elderly rest in the park.	سالمندها در پارک استراحت می‌کنند.sâlmandhâ dar pârk esterâhat mikonand.
I want to help the elderly.	من می‌خواهم به سالمندها کمک کنم.man mikhâham be sâlmandhâ komak konam.
wise	داناdânâ
The wise do not talk much.	داناها زیاد حرف نمی‌زنند.dânâhâ ziyâd harf nemizanand.
A wise person who reads books understands this.	دانایی که کتاب می‌خواند این را می‌فهمد.dânâyi ke ketâb mikhânad in râ mifahmad.
ignorant	نادانnâdân
The ignorant are always angry.	نادان‌ها همیشه عصبانی هستند.nâdân-hâ hamisheh asabâni hastand.
We must not listen to the ignorant.	ما نباید به نادان‌ها گوش دهیم.mâ nabâyad be nâdân-hâ gush dahim.
deaf	ناشنواnâshenavâ
The deaf can work here.	ناشنواها می‌توانند اینجا کار کنند.nâshenavâhâ mitavânand injâ kâr konand.
This deaf person is very smart.	این ناشنوا خیلی باهوشه.in nâshenavâ kheyli bâhoosheh.
blind	نابیناnâbinâ
I read books for the blind.	من برای نابیناها کتاب می‌خوانم.man barâye nâbinâhâ ketâb mikhânam.
The blind use this machine.	نابیناها از این دستگاه استفاده می‌کنند.nâbinâhâ az in dastgâh estefâde mikonand.
cruel	ظالمzâlem
society	جامعهjâme'e
The cruel destroy the society.	ظالم‌ها جامعه را نابود می‌کنند.zâlem-hâ jâme'e râ nâbud mikonand.
No one likes the cruel.	هیچ‌کس ظالم‌ها را دوست ندارد.hich-kas zâlem-hâ râ dust nadârad.
oppressed	مظلومmazlum
We must defend the oppressed.	ما باید از مظلوم‌ها دفاع کنیم.mâ bâyad az mazlum-hâ defâ' konim.
Some of the oppressed leave the city.	بعضی از مظلوم‌ها شهر را ترک می‌کنند.ba'zi az mazlum-hâ shahr râ tark mikonand
innocent	بی‌گناهbigonâh
Some of the innocent are in prison.	بعضی از بی‌گناه‌ها در زندان هستند.ba'zi az bigonâh-hâ dar zendân hastand.
The judge saves the innocent.	قاضی بی‌گناه‌ها را نجات می‌دهد.qâzi bigonâh-hâ râ nejât midahad.
guilty (of a crime or sin)	گناهکارgonâhkâr
The guilty pay the fine.	گناهکارها جریمه را پرداخت می‌کنند.gonâhkârhâ jarime râ pardâkht mikonand
The police arrested the guilty yesterday.	پلیس دیروز گناهکارها را دستگیر کرد.polis dirooz gonâhkârhâ râ dastgir kard.
The rich and the poor live in this society.	ثروتمندها و فقیرها در این جامعه زندگی می‌کنند.sarvatmandhâ va faghirhâ dar in jâme'e zendegi mikonand.
We want to build a better society.	ما می‌خواهیم یک جامعه‌ی بهتر بسازیم.mâ mikhâhim yek jâme'e-ye behtar besâzim.

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