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To express a past obligation or regret (what *should have* happened), Farsi uses the invariant modal **باید** with the **Past Continuous** tense.

**باید** + Past Continuous verb

Because **باید** is invariant, it never changes. Only the main verb conjugates to match the subject.

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Notice how **باید** stays exactly the same, while the final verbs (**می‌کردیم** and **می‌داد**) change to reflect who should have taken action.

This pattern is especially useful when dealing with cancellations, refunds, or customer service mishaps:

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Past obligation (bâyad)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Question	Answer
organizer	برگزارکنندهbargozârkonande
to refund	پس دادنpas dâdan
The organizer should have refunded the money.	برگزارکننده باید پول را پس می‌داد.bargozârkonande bâyad pul râ pas midâd.
deposit (advance payment)	پیش‌پرداختpish-pardâkht
to get a refund / to take back	پس گرفتنpas gereftan
The customer should have gotten the deposit back.	مشتری باید پیش‌پرداخت را پس می‌گرفت.moshtari bâyad pish-parâkht râ pas migereft.
date	تاریخtârikh
to coordinate	هماهنگ کردنhamâhang kardan
We should have coordinated the date of the flight.	ما باید تاریخ پرواز را هماهنگ می‌کردیم.mâ bâyad târikh parvâz râ hamâhang mikardim.
invoice	فاکتورfâktor
to complain	شکایت کردنshekâyat kardan
You should have complained about the invoice.	شما باید درباره‌ی فاکتور شکایت می‌کردید.shomâ bâyad darbâre-ye fâktor shekâyat mikardid
disappointed	ناامیدnâomid
to apologize	عذرخواهی کردنozrkhâhi kardan
They should have apologized to the disappointed guests.	آنها باید از مهمان‌های ناامید عذرخواهی می‌کردند.ânhâ bâyad az mehmân-hâ-ye nâomid ozrkhâhi mikardand.
If the organizer cancels the concert, I will complain.	اگر برگزارکننده کنسرت را لغو کند، من شکایت می‌کنم.agar bargozârkonande konsert râ laghv konad, man shekâyat mikonam.
The hotel has not refunded our deposit.	هتل پیش‌پرداخت ما را پس نداده است.hotel pish-pardâkht mâ râ pas nadâde ast
I have not gotten the deposit back.	من پیش‌پرداخت را پس نگرفته‌ام.man pish-pardâkht râ pas nagerefte-am.
The manager did not coordinate the date and apologized.	مدیر تاریخ را هماهنگ نکرد و عذرخواهی کرد.modir târikh râ hamâhang nakard va ozrkhâhi kard.
The disappointed passengers waited at the hotel.	مسافرهای ناامید در هتل صبر کردند.mosâferhâ-ye nâomid dar hotel sabr kardand.
The organizer should have changed the date on the invoice.	برگزارکننده باید تاریخ را روی فاکتور تغییر می‌داد.bargozâr-konande bâyad târikh râ ruye fâktur taghyir midâd.