Omission of repeated verbs

When reporting multiple actions happening at once, such as during an emergency rescue, you can use a simple shortcut to sound more natural.

Dropping Repeated Verbs (Takhfif)

Just like in English ("I brought the water hose, and he the oxygen cylinder"), Farsi drops the second verb when two clauses are joined by و (and) and share the exact same action.

Notice that the object marker را remains attached to the direct object in the second clause. It signals what was acted upon, even though the verb at the very end is missing.

This applies across any tense, as long as the omitted verb is identical:

Omission of "To Be"

This structure works perfectly with "to be" verbs like است or بود. When describing or contrasting two things in the same sentence, just drop the state-of-being verb in the second half.

This even applies to colloquial spoken forms where the "to be" verb is attached as a short suffix. In the second clause, you just state the bare noun or adjective without any verb suffix: