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### Forming Negative Commands

To tell someone *not* to do something, use the negative imperative. Instead of the positive command prefix **بـ**, attach the negative prefix **نـ** to the present stem.

| Infinitive | Present Stem | Negative Command | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| **پریدن** | **پر** | **نپر** | Don't jump! |
| **خندیدن** | **خند** | **نخند** | Don't laugh! |

For informal, singular commands, just use the prefix and the stem with no ending.

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### Formal and Plural Negative Commands

When addressing a group or speaking formally, add the plural suffix **ید** to the end.

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### Negative Commands with Compound Verbs

For compound verbs, the negative prefix **نـ** attaches only to the action part of the verb, not the noun.

For example, with verbs using **کردن** (to do), the commands become **نکن** (informal) and **نکنید** (formal/plural). With **کشیدن** (to draw/pull), they become **نکش** and **نکشید**.

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Negative commands (na-)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Present perfect of compound verbs

Question	Answer
fire	آتشâtash
dangerous	خطرناکkhatarnâk
to touch	دست زدنdast zadan
That fire is dangerous, do not touch it.	آن آتش خطرناک است، به آن دست نزن.ân âtash khatarnâk ast, be ân dast nazan.
Do not touch that dangerous dog.	به آن سگ خطرناک دست نزنید.be ân sag khatarnâk dast nazanid.
Do not play with fire in the house.	در خانه با آتش بازی نکنید.dar khâne bâ âtash bâzi nakonid.
to smoke	سیگار کشیدنsigâr keshidan
Please do not smoke in this restaurant.	لطفاً در این رستوران سیگار نکشید.lotfan dar in resturân sigâr nakeshid.
Do not smoke here, I am sick.	اینجا سیگار نکش، من بیمار هستم.injâ sigâr nakash, man bimâr hastam.
to cry	گریه کردنgerye kardan
worried	نگرانnegarân
Please do not cry, do not be worried.	لطفاً گریه نکن، نگران نباش.lotfan gerye nakon, negarân nabâsh
Why are you crying? Do not be worried about tomorrow's exam.	چرا گریه می‌کنی؟ برای امتحان فردا نگران نباش.cherâ gerye mikoni? barâye emtehân-e fardâ negarân nabâsh.
loud / high / long	بلندboland
to laugh	خندیدنkhandidan
Do not laugh loudly in class.	در کلاس بلند نخندید.dar kelâs boland nakhandid.
This is a school, please do not laugh.	اینجا مدرسه است، لطفاً نخندید.injâ madrese ast, lotfan nakhandid.
to fight	دعوا کردنda'vâ kardan
Do not fight with him, he is tired.	با او دعوا نکن، او خسته است.bâ u da'vâ nakon, u khaste ast.
Please do not fight in the yard.	لطفاً در حیاط دعوا نکنید.lotfan dar hayât da'vâ nakonid.
Do not speak loudly in the hospital.	در بیمارستان بلند صحبت نکنید.dar bimârestân boland sohbat nakonid.
to jump / to blow (of a fuse)	پریدنparidan
Do not jump on the bed.	روی تخت نپر.rooye takht napar.
Do not jump from that high wall.	از آن دیوار بلند نپرید.az ân divâr boland na-parid.