Inherent State Adjectives: Present Stem + ا
In Farsi, you can form adjectives that describe a natural capability, characteristic, or inherent state by adding the suffix ا to the present stem of a verb.
| Infinitive | Present Stem | Suffix | Adjective | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| خواندن (to read) | خوان | ا | خوانا | legible |
| دیدن (to see) | بین | ا | بینا | sighted |
| شنیدن (to hear) | شنو | ا | شنوا | hearing |
| رسیدن (to reach) | رس | ا | رسا | clear / resonant |
| توانستن (to be able) | توان | ا | توانا | capable |
Here is how these adjectives are used in practice to describe whether something can be easily read or heard:
| Are the letters on this chart legible to you? | آیا حرفهای روی این چارت برای تو خوانا هستند؟âyâ harf-hâye ruye in chârt barâye to khânâ hastand? |
| Was that sound clear and resonant? | آیا آن صوت، رسا و واضح بود؟âyâ ân sowt, rasâ o vâzeh bud? |
When talking about physical senses or general competence, these adjectives describe a person's continuous capability or natural traits:
| He is completely sighted and never needs glasses. | او کاملاً بینا است و هیچوقت به عینک نیاز ندارد.u kâmelan binâ ast va hich-vaght be eynak niâz nadârad. |
| A hearing ear will easily hear this sound. | یک گوش شنوا این صوت را راحت خواهد شنید.yek gush-e shenavâ in sowt râ râhat khâhad shenid. |
| The nurse is very capable in her work. | پرستار در کار خود خیلی توانا است.parastâr dar kâr-e khod kheyli tavânâ ast. |
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