Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic (Modern Standard)

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Dari

Farsi

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

### The Formal Pronoun for "He" and "She"

In everyday Farsi, you use او for both "he" and "she". In formal writing, literature, and news, you will frequently encounter the literary pronoun **وی**.

**وی** is also completely gender-neutral.

{{item:813073}}

{{item:813075}}

{{item:813080}}

### Reading Biographies

In biographies, **وی** often appears alongside respectful, formal vocabulary like **درگذشتن** (to pass away).

{{item:813077}}

{{item:813091}}

### Possession and Objects

Just like standard pronouns, **وی** can act as an object after a preposition, or it can follow a noun to indicate possession ("his" or "her").

When showing possession, remember to connect the noun to **وی** using the *ezafe* vowel.

{{item:813086}}

{{item:813082}}

{{item:813088}}

Formal singular pronoun (vey)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Question	Answer
prominent / well-known (famous, renowned)	سرشناسsarshenâs
to be born	متولد شدنmotevalled shodan
The prominent author was born in Tehran.	نویسنده‌ی سرشناس در تهران متولد شد.nevisande-ye sarshenâs dar tehrân motevalled shod.
he / she (formal)	ویvey
thinker / scholar (intellectual)	اندیشمندandishmand
He was a prominent thinker.	وی یک اندیشمند سرشناس بود.vay yek andishmand sarshenâs bud.
to pass away / to die (formal)	درگذشتنdar-gozashtan
He passed away in the year two thousand.	وی در سال دو هزار درگذشت.vey dar sâl-e do hezâr dargozasht.
literary	ادبیadabi
to author / to compile	تالیف کردنta'lif kardan
She authored many literary books.	وی کتاب‌های ادبی زیادی تالیف کرد.vey ketâb-hâ-ye adabi-ye ziyâdi ta'lif kard.
movement	جنبشjonbesh
This literary movement was expanded by him.	این جنبش ادبی توسط وی گسترش یافت.in jonbesh-e adabi tavassot-e vey gostaresh yâft.
That thinker authored several important articles.	آن اندیشمند چند مقاله‌ی مهم تالیف کرد.ân andishmand chand maghâle-ye mohem ta'lif kard.
The leader of this movement was born in a village.	رهبر این جنبش در یک روستا متولد شد.rahbar-e in jonbesh dar yek rustâ motevallad shod.
activity	فعالیتfa'âliyat
His actions and activities were influential.	اقدامات و فعالیت‌های وی تاثیرگذار بود.eqdâmât va fa'âliyat-hâ-ye vey tâsirgozâr bud.
to be inspired	الهام گرفتنelhâm gereftan
Many young authors were inspired by his literary works.	نویسندگان جوان زیادی از آثار ادبی وی الهام گرفتند.nevisandegân-e javân-e ziyâdi az âsâr-e adabi-ye vey elhâm gereftand
This prominent poet passed away last year.	این شاعر سرشناس سال گذشته درگذشت.in shâ'er sarshenâs sâl gozashte dargozasht.
The artists of this movement were inspired by a famous painting.	هنرمندان این جنبش از یک نقاشی معروف الهام گرفتند.honarmandân-e in jonbesh az yek naghghâshi-ye ma'ruf elhâm gereftand.
She is a well-known writer and started her literary activity in Tehran.	وی یک نویسنده‌ی سرشناس است و فعالیت ادبی خود را در تهران شروع کرد.vey yek nevisande-ye sarshenâs ast va fa'âliyat-e adabi khod râ dar tehrân shoru' kard