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In formal contexts like flight safety announcements or speaking to air traffic control, conditions are expressed differently. Instead of the everyday "if," Farsi uses a specific phrase for "in the event of" or "in case of":

{{item:815232}}

### Using Abstract Nouns

To form a formal condition, pair **در صورت** with an abstract action noun, such as **بروز** (occurrence) or **فرود** (landing), connected by the *Ezafe*.

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{{item:815238}}

The main clause carries on normally, often using **باید** (must) or a future outcome to state the regulation or consequence.

### The Negative: "In the event of a lack of..."

You cannot simply add a negative prefix to an abstract noun. Instead, place the formal word **عدم** (lack of / non-) immediately after **در صورت**, linked by the *Ezafe*.

{{item:815243}}

This creates an *Ezafe* chain meaning "in the event of the lack of [action]."

{{item:815245}}

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### Using Infinitives

You can also place a full infinitive directly after **در صورت**. This is particularly useful for negative actions; unlike abstract nouns, an infinitive can be negated directly with the prefix **نـ**.

{{item:815253}}

Formal conditions (dar surat-e)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Question	Answer
in case of	در صورتdar sûrat-e
occurrence (emergence, manifestation)	بروزboruz
technical	فنیfanni
In the event of a technical failure, one must return to the airport.	در صورت بروز نقص فنی، باید به فرودگاه برگشت.dar sûrat-e borûz-e naqs-e fannî, bâyad be forûdgâh bargasht
landing	فرودforud
vest	جلیقهjelighe
In the event of landing on the sea, you must put on a vest.	در صورت فرود روی دریا، باید جلیقه بپوشید.dar surat-e forud-e ruye daryâ, bâyad jelighe bepushid.
pilot	خلبانkhalabân
control / care / looking after	مراقبتmorâqebat
runway	باندbând
The pilot requests a landing on the runway from the control tower.	خلبان از برج مراقبت تقاضای فرود روی باند می‌کند.khalabân az borj morâghebat taghâzâ-ye forud ruye bând mikonad
lack of	عدمadam
flight attendant	مهماندارmehmândâr
In the event of inattention to the regulations, the flight attendant warns the passenger.	در صورت عدم توجه به مقررات، مهماندار به مسافر تذکر می‌دهد.dar surat-e adam-e tavajjoh be moqarrarât, mehmândâr be mosâfer tazakkor midahad.
The flight attendant also informs the pilot.	مهماندار نیز به خلبان اطلاع می‌دهد.mehmândâr niz be khalabân ettelâ' midahad.
Perhaps they will cancel the flight due to a technical problem on the runway.	شاید پرواز را به دلیل مشکل فنی روی باند لغو کنند.shâyad parvâz râ be dalile moshkele fanni rooye bând laghv konand.
In the event of no problems arising, the flight will take place on time.	در صورت عدم بروز مشکل، پرواز به موقع انجام می‌شود.dar sûrat-e adam-e borûz-e moshkel, parvâz be movqe' anjâm mishavad.
The control tower checks the runway before the airplane's flight.	برج مراقبت قبل از پرواز هواپیما باند را بررسی می‌کند.borj-e morâqebat qabl az parvâz-e havâpeymâ bând râ barresi mikonad.
The flight attendant shows the vest to the passenger.	مهماندار جلیقه را به مسافر نشان می‌دهد.mehmândâr jaliqe râ be mosâfer neshân midahad.
The technical defect of the airplane caused a delay.	نقص فنی هواپیما باعث تاخیر شد.naqs-e fanni-ye havâpeymâ bâ'es-e ta'khir shod.
In the event of landing at night, the pilot uses the runway lights.	در صورت فرود در شب، خلبان از چراغ‌های باند استفاده می‌کند.dar surat-e forud dar shab, khalabân az cherâgh-hâye bând estefâde mikonad.
In the event of not seeing the runway, the pilot changes the flight route.	در صورت ندیدن باند، خلبان مسیر پرواز را تغییر می‌دهد.dar surat-e nadidan-e bând, khalabân masir-e parvâz râ taghyir midahad.
watchful, on guard	مراقبmorâqeb
The pilot is watchful during the landing.	خلبان در فرود مراقب است.khalabân dar forud morâqeb ast.
The flight attendant was watchful of the passengers.	مهماندار مراقب مسافرها بود.mehmândâr morâqebe mosâferhâ bud.

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