Causative Verbs (Gozarâ kardan)
In Farsi, you can turn an intransitive verb (an action you do) into a transitive verb (an action you make someone else do) using the causative form.
To form a causative verb, add ـاندن to the present stem of the base verb.
| Base Verb | Present Stem | Causative Infinitive | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| خوابیدن | خواب | خواباندن | to put to sleep |
| خندیدن | خند | خنداندن | to make laugh |
| ترسیدن | ترس | ترساندن | to frighten |
| فهمیدن | فهم | فهماندن | to make understand |
| We are putting the children to sleep in the daycare. | ما داریم بچهها را در مهدکودک میخوابانیم.mâ dârim bacheha râ dar mahdkudak mikhâbânim. |
| This boy's naughtiness always makes the caregiver laugh. | شیطنت این پسر همیشه پرستار را میخنداند.sheytanat-e in pesar hamishe parastâr râ mikhandânad. |
Stem Changes
Some stems undergo a slight change before adding the causative suffix. For example, the present stem of نشستن (to sit) is نشین, but the causative drops the ی to become نشاندن (to seat).
| The caregiver is seating the children on the chair. | پرستار دارد بچهها را روی صندلی مینشاند.parastâr dârad bacheha râ ruye sandali minshânad. |
Conjugation
Causative verbs conjugate regularly. The past stem ends in ـاند and the present stem ends in ـان. You form imperatives, subjunctives, negatives, and continuous tenses just like any other regular verb.
| Please do not spin this toy! | لطفاً این اسباببازی را نچرخان!lotfan in asbâb-bâzi râ nacharkhân! |
| The girl spins the doll before she puts it to sleep. | دختر قبل از اینکه عروسک را بخواباند، آن را میچرخاند.dokhtar qabl az inke arusak râ bekhâbânad, ân râ mičarkhânad. |
| I must make myself understand that this child is not hungry. | من باید به خودم بفهمانم که این بچه گرسنه نیست.man bâyad be khodam befahmânam ke in bacheh gorosneh nist. |
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