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When navigating wholesale trade, supermarket supply chains, or formal business reports, you will frequently need to group items into broad collective categories. In Farsi, this is often done using the formal plural suffixes **ات** and **جات**.

### The Formal Plural Suffix (ات)

Borrowed from Arabic, the suffix **ات** is heavily used to pluralize formal words, administrative terms, and business concepts. It attaches directly to the end of consonant-ending words.

| Singular Base | Plural Category (ات) |
|---|---|
| سفارش (order) | سفارشات (orders) |
| محصول (product) | محصولات (products) |

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### The Category Suffix (جات)

When dealing with broad categories of food, produce, or commodities—especially when the base word ends in a vowel—Farsi uses the variant suffix **جات**. This creates a collective category emphasizing "types of" a certain good rather than just a simple plural.

| Singular Base | Plural Category (جات) |
|---|---|
| میوه (fruit) | میوه‌جات (fruits) |
| شیرینی (sweet) | شیرینی‌جات (sweets) |
| ترشی (pickle) | ترشیجات (pickles) |

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### Specialized Collectives

Many essential supermarket groups and abstract nouns are Arabic loanwords that inherently end in **ات**. You do not need to memorize their singular forms; instead, treat them as standalone wholesale category nouns. Examples include **لبنیات** (dairy products), **حبوبات** (legumes), **تنقلات** (snacks), and **اطلاعات** (information).

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Category plurals (-ât, -jât)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Question	Answer
imports	وارداتvâredât
dairy products	لبنیاتlabaniyyât
Let's talk about the imports of our dairy products.	بیایید درباره‌ی واردات لبنیاتمان صحبت کنیم.biyâyid darbâre-ye vâredât-e labaniyâtemân sohbat konim.
exports	صادراتsâderât
legumes	حبوباتhoboobât
They intend to start the exports of their legumes.	آنها قصد دارند که صادرات حبوباتشان را شروع کنند.ânhâ qasd dârand ke sâderât-e hobubâteshân râ shoru' konand.
orders	سفارشاتsefâreshât
products	محصولاتmahsulât
Please check their orders for the new products.	لطفاً سفارشاتشان برای محصولات جدید را چک کنید.lotfan sefâreshâteshân barâye mahsulâte jadid râ chek konid.
anymore / no longer	دیگرdigar
snacks	تنقلاتtanaqqolât
sweets (collective)	شیرینی‌جاتshirini-jât
We no longer buy snacks and sweets for the shop.	ما دیگر برای مغازه تنقلات و شیرینی‌جات نمی‌خریم.mâ digar barâye maghâze tanaghollât va shirini-jât nemikharim.
fruits	میوه‌جاتmive-jât
pickles	ترشیجاتtorshijât
They put the fruits and pickles inside the boxes.	آنها میوه‌جات و ترشیجات را داخل جعبه‌ها می‌گذارند.ânhâ mive-jât va torshijât râ dâkhel-e ja'be-hâ migozârand.
We decided to stop the imports of these products.	ما تصمیم گرفتیم که واردات این محصولات را متوقف کنیم.mâ tasmim gereftim ke vâredâte in mahsulât râ motevaqqef konim.
He wrote an email about their dairy exports.	او یک ایمیل در مورد صادرات لبنیاتشان نوشت.u yek imeyl dar mored sâderât-e labaniyâteshân nevesht.
As soon as the orders of pickles arrived, they called.	همین که سفارشات ترشیجات رسید، آنها تماس گرفتند.hamin ke sefâreshât-e torshijât resid, ânhâ tamâs gereftand.
Let's arrange the snacks and fruits on the shelves.	بیایید تنقلات و میوه‌جات را روی قفسه‌ها مرتب کنیم.biyâyid tanaghgholât va mive-jât râ ruye ghafase-hâ moratab konim.
Did you read the new information regarding legumes and sweets?	آیا اطلاعات جدید راجع به حبوبات و شیرینی‌جات را خواندید؟âyâ ettelâ'ât-e jadid râje' be hobubât o shirinijât râ khândid?
They buy fresh vegetables every day.	آنها هر روز سبزیجات تازه می‌خرند.ânhâ har rooz sabzijât tâze mikharand.
Our manager checked your orders for exports.	مدیر ما سفارشات شما برای صادرات را چک کرد.modire mâ sefâreshâte shomâ barâye sâderât râ chek kard.
They no longer pay the taxes for these imports.	آنها دیگر مالیات این واردات را پرداخت نمی‌کنند.ânhâ digar mâliyât in vâredât râ pardâkht nemikonand.
We did not sell our dairy products.	ما لبنیاتمان را نفروختیم.mâ labaniyyâtemân râ naforukhtim.
He packed the snacks for the trip.	او تنقلات را برای سفر بسته‌بندی کرد.u tanaqqolât râ barâye safar baste-bandi kard.