Verb stems and the 'I' form (ik werk)

The Infinitive

Dutch verbs appear in the dictionary in their full form, called the infinitive. Almost all Dutch infinitives end in -en.

to work
werken

The Verb Stem and the "I" Form

To talk about yourself using ik (I), you use the verb stem. For regular verbs, simply drop the -en from the infinitive.

Dropping -en from werken (to work) gives the stem werk.

I work today.
Ik werk vandaag.
I work in the city.
Ik werk in de stad.

Keeping Vowels Long

Dutch spelling aims to keep vowel sounds consistent. If an infinitive has a single long vowel before a single consonant (like wonen, to live), dropping the -en would create a closed syllable and shorten the sound (won). To keep it long, we double the vowel. The stem of wonen is woon.

I live in the city now.
Ik woon nu in de stad.

Plural pronouns like wij (we) don't use the stem. They just use the full infinitive.

We live in a small house.
We wonen in een klein huis.

Other verbs follow this same vowel-doubling pattern, like leren (to learn, stem: leer) and koken (to cook, stem: kook).

I learn Dutch.
Ik leer Nederlands.
I cook.
Ik kook.

Adverb Placement

In a simple Dutch sentence, the verb stays in the second position. Adverbs like snel (fast) or altijd (always) usually come directly after it.

I learn fast.
Ik leer snel.
I always work fast.
Ik werk altijd snel.