Questions & Answers about Du må ikke afbryde mens vi taler.
How does the word mens affect the sentence structure here?
mens translates to "while" and is a subordinating conjunction that introduces a dependent clause (mens vi taler). In a Danish dependent clause, the subject (vi) comes first, directly followed by the verb (taler). If we had a small adverb like ikke inside this second part of the sentence, it would surprisingly go before the verb, but here we just have a simple subject and verb.
I learned that må means "may" or "am allowed to". Why does it mean "must" in this sentence?
You are right that må on its own usually means "may" or having permission. However, when it is combined with ikke to form må ikke, the meaning changes to a strict prohibition: "must not" or "are not allowed to".
Why is the verb afbryde not in the present tense (afbryder)?
Because it follows the modal verb må. Just like in English, Danish modal verbs are followed by the infinitive (dictionary) form of the main verb, without using the word at (to). Therefore, we use afbryde instead of the present tense afbryder.
English often says "while we are speaking". How do I know if vi taler means "we speak" or "we are speaking"?
Danish does not have a separate continuous tense like English does. The simple present tense taler covers both "speak" and "are speaking". The conjunction mens (while) naturally makes it clear to the listener that the action is ongoing.