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Croatian

### The Verb "Moći" (Can)

To express ability or permission, use the irregular modal verb **moći**.

| Pronoun | Form of "moći" |
|---|---|
| ja | mogu |
| ti | možeš |
| on / ona / ono | može |
| mi | možemo |
| vi | možete |
| oni / one / ona | mogu |

### Using "Moći" with an Infinitive

Like in English, **moći** is followed by the main verb in the infinitive. Croatian infinitives typically end in **-ti** (such as **plivati** to swim, or **plesati** to dance).

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### Two Ways to "Play"

Croatian uses two different verbs for "to play":
- **igrati** for sports and games (like **nogomet** or **tenis**).
- **svirati** for musical instruments (like **klavir** or **gitara**).

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### Questions and Negation

To ask a yes/no question, start with the conjugated form of **moći** and add the question particle **li** right after it.

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To make it negative, place **ne** immediately before the verb.

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The verb can (moći)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular pronouns and to be (sam, si, je)

Noun genders (-Ø, -a, -o/-e)

Demonstrative pronouns (ovaj, ova, ovo)

Plural pronouns and to be (smo, ste, su)

Masculine plural nouns (-i)

Feminine plural nouns (-e)

Neuter plural nouns (-a)

Full verb to be (jesam, jesi)

Negative verb to be (nisam, nisi)

Yes/no questions (je li)

Wh- questions (tko, gdje)

Formal vs informal address (ti vs Vi)

Regular present tense (-ati)

Regular present tense (-iti)

Regular present tense (-jeti)

Verb negation (ne)

The verb to have (imati / nemati)

Inanimate direct objects

Feminine direct objects (-u)

Plural direct objects (-e, -a)

Accusative pronouns (me, te, ga, ju)

Adjective agreement

Plural adjectives

Accusative adjectives

Numbers 1 to 10 (jedan, dva, tri)

The locative case (-u)

Feminine locative (-i)

The verb to go (ići)

Destination (u, na)

The genitive case (-a)

Accusative pronouns (nas, vas, ga, ih)

Animate masculine accusative (-a)

Adjective agreement for animate masculine (-og, -eg)

The verb must (morati)

The verb to want (htjeti, hoću)

The future tense (ću/ćeš + infinitive)

The past tense: l-participle (radio, radila)

Past tense word order (Prvo sam radio...)

Past tense with plural subjects (-li, -le, -la)

Feminine genitive singular (-e)

Possession and origin (od, iz)

Negative existence (nema)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Genitive plural (-a)

Numbers 11 to 20

Past tense negation (nisam)

Past tense questions (jeste li)

Dative singular

Dative pronouns (ti, mu, joj)

Past tense negation (nisam, nisi...)

Double object pronouns (mu ga, ti ju...)

Reflexive verbs (se)

Reflexive clitic word order

Commands and requests (radi, radite)

Plural demonstratives (ovi, ove, ova)

Possessive determiners (moj, naš, njegov)

Greetings (Dobar dan, doviđenja)

The body: Boli me glava

Directions (lijevo, desno, ravno)

There is, there are (ima)

Politeness (molim vas, hvala lijepa)

How you feel (Sviđa mi se)

Counting by tens to 100 (trideset, četrdeset...)

Quantifiers with the genitive case (malo, puno...)

Adjective agreement in the genitive singular (-og, -e)

Adjective agreement in the genitive plural (-ih)

Genitive prepositions (kod, do, bez...)

Asking what kind and which (kakav, koji)

Possessive determiners (njegov, njezin...)

Possessives in the accusative case

The reflexive possessive (svoj)

Indefinite pronouns (netko, nešto, neki)

Negative pronouns (nitko, ništa)

The verb to need (trebati)

Reciprocal verbs (se)

Introduction to verbal aspect

Perfective verbs with prefixes

Perfective verbs with stem changes

Irregular perfective verbs

Aspect in the past tense

Aspect in the future tense

Vehicular motion (voziti se, putovati)

Arrival and departure ('doći', 'otići')

Entering and exiting ('ući', 'izaći')

Singular accompaniment ('s', 'sa')

Plural instrumental nouns (-ima, -ama)

Question	Answer
can	moći
to play (sports)	igrati
football	nogomet
I can play football.	Mogu igrati nogomet.
to swim	plivati
Can you swim well?	Možeš li dobro plivati?
to dance	plesati
She can dance.	Ona može plesati.
to play (an instrument)	svirati
piano	klavir
We can play the piano here.	Ovdje možemo svirati klavir.
guitar	gitara
Today you can play the guitar.	Danas možete svirati gitaru.
tennis	tenis
They cannot play tennis.	Oni ne mogu igrati tenis.
Can your brother play football?	Može li tvoj brat igrati nogomet?
He plays the piano and the guitar.	On svira klavir i gitaru.
We cannot swim here.	Ovdje ne možemo plivati.
I cannot go to the stadium.	Ne mogu ići na stadion.
They can dance, but they cannot play tennis.	Oni mogu plesati, ali ne mogu igrati tenis.
hobby	hobi
My hobby is tennis.	Moj hobi je tenis.
His hobby is the guitar.	Njegov hobi je gitara.
I have a good hobby.	Imam dobar hobi.

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