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Croatian

Sometimes, the subject of a sentence isn't just a single noun or pronoun, but an entire event or situation. When you want to highlight a specific fact or action as the core issue in a discussion, Croatian uses subject clauses. 

### To što (The fact that)

To turn a whole clause into a grammatical subject, start it with **to što** (literally "that which" or "the fact that"). This is a very common way to express how a situation affects you, such as when it annoys (**živcirati**) or complicates (**otežavati**) things.

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### Činjenica da (The fact that)

A slightly more formal alternative is **činjenica da** (the fact that). It functions exactly the same way, framing the following clause as a concrete piece of information. It pairs well with verbs like **zabrinjavati** (to worry) or when declaring a situation to be a shame (**sramota**).

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### Adjective Agreement

Subject clauses are frequently used to pass judgment on a situation, using descriptive words like unacceptable (**neprihvatljiv**), absurd (**apsurdan**), or logical (**logičan**). 

Pay close attention to the adjective endings when doing this:
- If the subject clause begins with **to što**, the adjective takes the neuter singular ending (e.g., *-o*).
- If the subject clause begins with **činjenica da**, the adjective must agree with the feminine noun *činjenica*, taking the feminine singular ending (e.g., *-a*).

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These subject clauses are highly flexible. You can easily place them into questions or combine them into larger arguments to clearly articulate your perspective.

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Subject clauses (to što, činjenica da)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular pronouns and to be (sam, si, je)

Noun genders (-Ø, -a, -o/-e)

Demonstrative pronouns (ovaj, ova, ovo)

Plural pronouns and to be (smo, ste, su)

Masculine plural nouns (-i)

Feminine plural nouns (-e)

Neuter plural nouns (-a)

Full verb to be (jesam, jesi)

Negative verb to be (nisam, nisi)

Yes/no questions (je li)

Wh- questions (tko, gdje)

Formal vs informal address (ti vs Vi)

Regular present tense (-ati)

Regular present tense (-iti)

Regular present tense (-jeti)

Verb negation (ne)

The verb to have (imati / nemati)

Inanimate direct objects

Feminine direct objects (-u)

Plural direct objects (-e, -a)

Accusative pronouns (me, te, ga, ju)

Adjective agreement

Plural adjectives

Accusative adjectives

Numbers 1 to 10 (jedan, dva, tri)

The locative case (-u)

Feminine locative (-i)

The verb to go (ići)

Destination (u, na)

The genitive case (-a)

Accusative pronouns (nas, vas, ga, ih)

Animate masculine accusative (-a)

Adjective agreement for animate masculine (-og, -eg)

The verb can (moći)

The verb must (morati)

The verb to want (htjeti, hoću)

The future tense (ću/ćeš + infinitive)

The past tense: l-participle (radio, radila)

Past tense word order (Prvo sam radio...)

Past tense with plural subjects (-li, -le, -la)

Feminine genitive singular (-e)

Possession and origin (od, iz)

Negative existence (nema)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Genitive plural (-a)

Numbers 11 to 20

Past tense negation (nisam)

Past tense questions (jeste li)

Dative singular

Dative pronouns (ti, mu, joj)

Past tense negation (nisam, nisi...)

Double object pronouns (mu ga, ti ju...)

Reflexive verbs (se)

Reflexive clitic word order

Commands and requests (radi, radite)

Plural demonstratives (ovi, ove, ova)

Possessive determiners (moj, naš, njegov)

Greetings (Dobar dan, doviđenja)

The body: Boli me glava

Directions (lijevo, desno, ravno)

There is, there are (ima)

Politeness (molim vas, hvala lijepa)

How you feel (Sviđa mi se)

Counting by tens to 100 (trideset, četrdeset...)

Quantifiers with the genitive case (malo, puno...)

Adjective agreement in the genitive singular (-og, -e)

Adjective agreement in the genitive plural (-ih)

Genitive prepositions (kod, do, bez...)

Asking what kind and which (kakav, koji)

Possessive determiners (njegov, njezin...)

Possessives in the accusative case

The reflexive possessive (svoj)

Indefinite pronouns (netko, nešto, neki)

Negative pronouns (nitko, ništa)

The verb to need (trebati)

Reciprocal verbs (se)

Introduction to verbal aspect

Perfective verbs with prefixes

Perfective verbs with stem changes

Irregular perfective verbs

Aspect in the past tense

Aspect in the future tense

Vehicular motion (voziti se, putovati)

Arrival and departure ('doći', 'otići')

Entering and exiting ('ući', 'izaći')

Singular accompaniment ('s', 'sa')

Question	Answer
the fact that / that which	to što
to annoy	živcirati
The fact that he is constantly late annoys me a lot.	To što on stalno kasni jako me živcira.
the fact that	činjenica da
to worry	zabrinjavati
The fact that they had forgotten about the meeting worries us a lot.	Činjenica da su bili zaboravili na sastanak jako nas zabrinjava.
to make difficult	otežavati
The fact that there is no electricity makes the work difficult when it gets dark.	To što nema struje otežava posao kada pada mrak.
shame	sramota
The fact that we had lost that match is a big shame.	Činjenica da smo bili izgubili tu utakmicu velika je sramota.
unacceptable	neprihvatljiv
The fact that you do not respect the rules is completely unacceptable.	To što Vi ne poštujete pravila potpuno je neprihvatljivo.
incomprehensible	neshvatljiv
The fact that she does not want help is incomprehensible to everyone.	Činjenica da ona ne želi pomoć svima je neshvatljiva.
absurd	apsurdan
The fact that we have to wait for an hour is really absurd!	To što moramo čekati sat vremena stvarno je apsurdno!
logical	logičan
The fact that prices were rising while we were saving is very logical.	Činjenica da su cijene rasle dok smo štedjeli vrlo je logična.
Does the fact that problems worry you make the work difficult for you?	Otežava li Vam rad to što Vas problemi zabrinjavaju?
The fact that he didn't apologize for that shame annoys me a lot.	To što se on nije ispričao za tu sramotu jako me živcira.
His behavior is unacceptable, and the fact that he doesn't see it is completely incomprehensible.	Njegovo ponašanje je neprihvatljivo, a to što on to ne vidi potpuno je neshvatljivo.
The fact that that absurd plan succeeded is not logical at all.	Činjenica da je taj apsurdan plan uspio uopće nije logična.