Describing Traits and Contents
In Croatian, use the preposition s (or sa) followed by the instrumental case to describe someone's physical attributes, or to specify what ingredients are in a dish or drink. This translates directly to "with" in English.
| This man with a beard is my grandfather. | Ovaj čovjek s bradom je moj djed. |
| The woman with a red tattoo left. | Žena s crvenom tetovažom je otišla. |
When to Use "s" vs "sa"
Usually, the preposition is simply s. However, to make pronunciation easier, you must use sa if the following word begins with the letters s, z, š, or ž. You also use sa before certain difficult consonant clusters, such as the pronoun mnom (me).
| The grandfather with a walking stick walks slowly. | Djed sa štapom hoda polako. |
| Do you want coffee with whipped cream or tea with lemon? | Želiš li kavu sa šlagom ili čaj s limunom? |
Food and Ingredients
You can apply the exact same grammar structure to describe food and drinks. Notice how the nouns describing the ingredients take instrumental endings, such as -om or -em for singular nouns, and -ima or -ama for plurals.
| The boy with a beautiful smile loves chocolate with almonds. | Dječak s lijepim osmijehom voli čokoladu s bademima. |
| I am drinking coffee with cinnamon and milk. | Pijem kavu s cimetom i mlijekom. |
| The man with the mustache is baking a cake with biscuits and cinnamon. | Muškarac s brkovima peče tortu s keksima i cimetom. |
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