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Croatian

When planning large events and counting inventory like tablecloths or trays, you will regularly use compound numbers (like 21, 34, or 101).

In Croatian, the rule for noun and adjective agreement with compound numbers is refreshingly consistent: you only look at the **last digit** (the final word) of the number. The grammar rules for that single digit apply to the whole compound number, regardless of how large it is.

### Numbers Ending in 1

If a compound number ends in 1 (e.g., 21, 51, 101—with the exception of 11), the noun and its describing adjectives must be in the **nominative singular**, exactly as if you were talking about a single item. 

Additionally, the word for one (**jedan**) must change its ending to match the gender of the noun (*jedan* for masculine, *jedna* for feminine, *jedno* for neuter).

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### Numbers Ending in 2, 3, or 4

If the compound number ends in 2, 3, or 4 (e.g., 22, 34, 104—except 12, 13, and 14), the noun and any accompanying adjectives take the **genitive singular** (often called the paucal form). 

Also, remember that the number 2 has different forms for gender: **dva** for masculine and neuter nouns, and **dvije** for feminine nouns.

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### Numbers Ending in 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 0

For all other compound numbers ending in 5 or higher, or ending in a 0 (like 25, 30, or 60), you will use the **genitive plural** for both the noun and its adjectives.

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### Expressing Cause with "Budući da"

When coordinating deliveries and preparations, you will often need to explain why something is happening. You can use the conjunction phrase **budući da** (since / because) at the beginning of a clause to express a cause or reason.

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Agreement with compound numbers

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular pronouns and to be (sam, si, je)

Noun genders (-Ø, -a, -o/-e)

Demonstrative pronouns (ovaj, ova, ovo)

Plural pronouns and to be (smo, ste, su)

Masculine plural nouns (-i)

Feminine plural nouns (-e)

Neuter plural nouns (-a)

Full verb to be (jesam, jesi)

Negative verb to be (nisam, nisi)

Yes/no questions (je li)

Wh- questions (tko, gdje)

Formal vs informal address (ti vs Vi)

Regular present tense (-ati)

Regular present tense (-iti)

Regular present tense (-jeti)

Verb negation (ne)

The verb to have (imati / nemati)

Inanimate direct objects

Feminine direct objects (-u)

Plural direct objects (-e, -a)

Accusative pronouns (me, te, ga, ju)

Adjective agreement

Plural adjectives

Accusative adjectives

Numbers 1 to 10 (jedan, dva, tri)

The locative case (-u)

Feminine locative (-i)

The verb to go (ići)

Destination (u, na)

The genitive case (-a)

Accusative pronouns (nas, vas, ga, ih)

Animate masculine accusative (-a)

Adjective agreement for animate masculine (-og, -eg)

The verb can (moći)

The verb must (morati)

The verb to want (htjeti, hoću)

The future tense (ću/ćeš + infinitive)

The past tense: l-participle (radio, radila)

Past tense word order (Prvo sam radio...)

Past tense with plural subjects (-li, -le, -la)

Feminine genitive singular (-e)

Possession and origin (od, iz)

Negative existence (nema)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Genitive plural (-a)

Numbers 11 to 20

Past tense negation (nisam)

Past tense questions (jeste li)

Dative singular

Dative pronouns (ti, mu, joj)

Past tense negation (nisam, nisi...)

Double object pronouns (mu ga, ti ju...)

Reflexive verbs (se)

Reflexive clitic word order

Commands and requests (radi, radite)

Plural demonstratives (ovi, ove, ova)

Possessive determiners (moj, naš, njegov)

Greetings (Dobar dan, doviđenja)

The body: Boli me glava

Directions (lijevo, desno, ravno)

There is, there are (ima)

Politeness (molim vas, hvala lijepa)

How you feel (Sviđa mi se)

Counting by tens to 100 (trideset, četrdeset...)

Quantifiers with the genitive case (malo, puno...)

Adjective agreement in the genitive singular (-og, -e)

Adjective agreement in the genitive plural (-ih)

Genitive prepositions (kod, do, bez...)

Asking what kind and which (kakav, koji)

Possessive determiners (njegov, njezin...)

Possessives in the accusative case

The reflexive possessive (svoj)

Indefinite pronouns (netko, nešto, neki)

Negative pronouns (nitko, ništa)

The verb to need (trebati)

Reciprocal verbs (se)

Introduction to verbal aspect

Perfective verbs with prefixes

Perfective verbs with stem changes

Irregular perfective verbs

Aspect in the past tense

Aspect in the future tense

Vehicular motion (voziti se, putovati)

Arrival and departure ('doći', 'otići')

Entering and exiting ('ući', 'izaći')

Singular accompaniment ('s', 'sa')

Question	Answer
organizer	organizator
preparation	priprema
lavish	raskošan
banquet	banket
The organizers are starting the preparations for the lavish banquet.	Organizatori počinju pripreme za raskošan banket.
delivery (supply, handover)	isporuka
Since the delivery is late, the organizers are nervous.	Budući da isporuka kasni, organizatori su nervozni.
We are organizing twenty-one lavish banquets.	Organiziramo dvadeset jedan raskošan banket.
tablecloth	stolnjak
We need thirty-four white tablecloths.	Trebamo trideset četiri bijela stolnjaka.
napkin	salveta
Fifty-one red napkins are on the table.	Pedeset jedna crvena salveta je na stolu.
candle	svijeća
decoration (ornament)	ukras
One hundred one candles are a beautiful decoration.	Sto jedna svijeća je lijep ukras.
There are forty-two long candles in the delivery.	U isporuci su četrdeset dvije duge svijeće.
tray	pladanj
We have twenty-five empty trays for the banquet.	Imamo dvadeset pet praznih pladnjeva za banket.
Since the preparations are long, we need more people.	Budući da su pripreme duge, trebamo više ljudi.
You must buy one hundred four small decorations.	Morate kupiti sto četiri mala ukrasa.
Twenty-one new trays arrived today.	Danas je stigao dvadeset jedan novi pladanj.
The organizer bought sixty-three clean tablecloths.	Organizator je kupio šezdeset tri čista stolnjaka.
You must prepare thirty-two green napkins.	Morate pripremiti trideset dvije zelene salvete.
Thirty-one fast deliveries arrived yesterday.	Jučer je stigla trideset jedna brza isporuka.
Since the banquet is lavish, the decorations are expensive.	Budući da je banket raskošan, ukrasi su skupi.
The tables are empty, and the preparations are long.	Stolovi su prazni, a pripreme su duge.