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سافر القاضي إلى الصحراء في الشتاء.

سافر القاضي إلى الصحراء في الشتاء.sâfara al-qâdî ilâ as-sahrâ'i fî ash-shitâ'i
The judge travelled to the desert in the winter.
From Lesson 252:Weak nouns (قاض، مستشفى، صحراء)·Arabic (Modern Standard)

Questions & Answers about سافر القاضي إلى الصحراء في الشتاء.

Why doesn't the subject القاضي (the judge) have a damma (u sound) at the end to show it is the doer of the action?
القاضي is a special type of word called a defective noun, meaning it ends in a fixed ي (yaa). Because pronouncing a damma over this ي feels too heavy in Arabic, the nominative case marker (the damma) is hidden. It is pronounced al-qāḍī, not al-qāḍiyu.
Is سافر (travelled) a standard Form I verb?
No, سافر is a Form III verb, which you can tell by the long alif after the first root letter (s-a-f-a-r-a). Form I from this root generally relates to uncovering or books, but the Form III pattern here specifically means to travel.
Both الصحراء (the desert) and الشتاء (the winter) end in an alif followed by a hamza. Does this affect their case endings here?
No, they take standard case endings. Because they directly follow the prepositions إلى (to) and في (in), they are both in the genitive case. You simply pronounce a kasra (i sound) under the hamza: aṣ-ṣaḥrā'i and ash-shitā'i.
How does the pronunciation flow into words like الصحراء and الشتاء?
Both nouns start with sun letters: ص (ṣād) and ش (shīn). This means the ل (lām) in the prefix ال (the) is skipped, and the sun letter itself is doubled. When spoken naturally, the flow of speech connects directly into these doubled letters.

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