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### The Number One: واحد and واحدة

In Arabic, the number one acts like an adjective. It comes directly *after* the noun it describes and agrees with it in gender. Use واحد for masculine nouns and واحدة for feminine nouns.

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### The Number Two: اثنان and اثنتان

Adding the dual suffix ـان to a noun already means "two." Adding the number two is optional and used for emphasis.

Like the number one, the number two acts as an adjective. It follows the dual noun and agrees in gender. Use اثنان for masculine dual nouns and اثنتان for feminine dual nouns.

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### Being Specific: فقط and بدون

When specifying an exact order or amount, you will often use "only" (فقط) and "without" (بدون).

The word فقط typically sits at the end of the phrase it modifies, while بدون comes directly before the item being excluded.

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Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Expressing purpose (لـ)

Question	Answer
waiter	نادلnâdil
menu / list	قائمةqâ'ima
only	فقطfaqat
Does the waiter have only one menu?	هل عند النادل قائمة واحدة فقط؟hal 'inda n-nâdili qâ'imatun wâhidatun faqat؟
bill	حسابhisâb
This waiter has one bill.	هذا النادل له حساب واحد.hâdhâ n-nâdilu lahu hisâbun wâhid
without	بدونbidûni
milk	حليبhalîb
sugar	سكرsukkar
He ordered one coffee without milk and sugar.	طلب قهوة واحدة بدون حليب وسكر.talaba qahwatan wâhidatan bidûni halîbin wa sukkarin
plate (for eating) / dish (of food)	طبقtabaq
cake	كعكةkaka
There are two cakes on this plate.	على هذا الطبق كعكتان اثنتان.alâ hâdhâ at-tabaqi kaakatâni ithnatâni.
sandwich	شطيرةshatîra
There are two plates and one sandwich.	هناك طبقان اثنان وشطيرة واحدة.hunâka tabaqâni ithnâni wa shatîratun wâhida
Is this bill without the sandwich?	هل هذا الحساب بدون الشطيرة؟hal hâdhâ al-hisâbu bidûni ash-shatîrah?
There is only milk and sugar in the cup.	في الكوب حليب وسكر فقط.fi al-kubi haleebun wa-sukkarun faqat
I have only one cake now.	عندي كعكة واحدة فقط الآن.indî kakatun wâhidatun faqat al-âna
There are two menus on the table.	على الطاولة قائمتان اثنتان.'alâ aṭ-ṭâwilati qâ'imatâni ithnatâni
We are one group; we have only one bill.	نحن مجموعة واحدة؛ لنا حساب واحد فقط.nahnu majmuuatun wâhidatun; lanâ hisâbun wâhidun faqat
There are only two waiters in the restaurant.	في المطعم نادلان اثنان فقط.fî al-mat'ami nâdilâni ithnâni faqat.
The woman ordered one sandwich.	طلبت المرأة شطيرة واحدة.talabati al-mar'atu shatiiratan wâhidatan