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Arabic derives the names for modern machines, vehicles, and appliances from their base action verbs using a highly productive pattern: **فَعَّالَة** (Nouns of Instrument, or اسم الآلة).

### The فَعَّالَة Pattern

To form these nouns, apply the **فَعَّالَة** pattern to a verb's root letters. This doubles the middle root letter (with a *shadda*), adds an *alif*, and ends with a *taa marbuta* (ة).

For example, from the root for "to dry" (ن-ش-ف), we derive the word for a clothes dryer:

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Because they end in *taa marbuta* (ة), all nouns formed on this pattern are grammatically feminine. Any adjectives describing them must also be feminine.

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### Heavy Machinery and Office Tools

This pattern is extremely versatile and scales across all industries, from tiny office supplies to heavy construction equipment.

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{{item:1184435}}

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Instrument nouns (فَعَّالَة)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
water cooler	برادةbarrâda
Where is the water cooler in this office?	أين برادة الماء في هذا المكتب؟ayna barrâdatu-l-mâ'i fî hâdhâ-l-maktab?
We must buy a new water cooler.	يجب علينا أن نشتري برادة جديدة.yajibu 'alaynâ an nashtariya barrâdatan jadîdatan
clothes dryer	نشافةnashshâfa
The woman put the clothes in the clothes dryer.	وضعت المرأة الملابس في النشافة.wada'ati al-mar'atu al-malâbisa fi an-nashshâfah.
Can we use the clothes dryer today?	هل يمكن لنا أن نستخدم النشافة اليوم؟hal yumkinu lanâ an nastakhdima an-nashshâfata al-yawma?
lighter	قداحةqaddâha
Do not use the lighter inside the room!	لا تستخدم القداحة داخل الغرفة!lâ tastakhdimi al-qaddâhata dâkhila al-ghurfati!
The boy lost the blue lighter in the garden.	أضاع الولد القداحة الزرقاء في الحديقة.adâ'a al-waladu al-qaddâhata az-zarqâ'a fi al-hadîqati
chopper	قطاعةqattâ'a
The female chef needs a fast vegetable chopper.	تحتاج الطباخة إلى قطاعة خضار سريعة.tahtâju at-tabbâkhatu ilâ qattâ'ati khudârin sarî'ah
I bought a new chopper for my mother.	اشتريت قطاعة جديدة لأمي.ishtaraytu qattâ'atan jadîdatan li'ummî.
dough mixer	عجانةajjâna
The baker must clean the dough mixer daily.	يجب على الخباز أن ينظف العجانة يوميا.yajibu 'alâ al-khabbâzi an yunazzifa al-'ajjânata yawmiyyan.
This dough mixer is very heavy.	هذه العجانة ثقيلة جدا.hâdhihi al-'ajjânatu thaqîlatun jiddan
harvester	حصادةhassâda
The farmer drove the harvester to the field early.	قاد الفلاح الحصادة إلى الحقل مبكرا.qâda al-fallâhu al-hassâdata ilâ al-haqli mubakkiran
Where did you leave the harvester yesterday?	أين تركت الحصادة أمس؟ayna taraktal-hassâdata amsi?
excavator	حفارةhaffâra
The female engineer saw a huge excavator in the street.	رأت المهندسة حفارة ضخمة في الشارع.ra'atil muhandisatu haffâratan dakhmatan fish shâri'i
We must rent an excavator for the project.	يجب علينا أن نستأجر حفارة للمشروع.yajibu 'alaynâ an nasta'jira haffâratan lilmashrû'i
bulldozer	جرافةjarrâfa
The worker used the bulldozer to clean the road.	استخدم العامل الجرافة لكي ينظف الطريق.istakhdama al-âmilu al-jarrâfata likay yunazzifa at-tarîq.
Do not stop the bulldozer here!	لا توقف الجرافة هنا!lâ tûqifi l-jarrâfata hunâ!
hole puncher	خرامةkharrâma
The employee searched for the hole puncher on the desk.	بحث الموظف عن الخرامة على المكتب.bahatha al-muwazzafu ani al-kharrâmati alâ al-maktabi
She bought a hole puncher and a stapler.	اشترت خرامة ودباسة.ishtarat kharrâmatan wa dabbâsatan
nutcracker	كسارةkassâra
My grandmother uses the nutcracker to break the almonds.	تستخدم جدتي الكسارة لكي تكسر اللوز.tastakhdimu jaddatî al-kassârata likay taksira l-lawza
I did not find the nutcracker in the kitchen.	لم أجد الكسارة في المطبخ.lam ajidi l-kassârata fi l-matbakhi.