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In this lesson, we will learn how to name household appliances and plumbing fixtures to describe everyday domestic life or report faults.

### Large Appliances and the Verb أخذ

Let's start with two common appliances: the refrigerator (**ثلاجة**) and the washing machine (**غسالة**).

You already know the verb **أخذ** as "to take." However, when **أخذ** is followed by a subject and a present tense verb, it acts as a "verb of beginning," meaning "began to" or "started to."

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### Plumbing, Heating, and Leaks

Next, let's explore fixtures related to water: the heater (**سخان**), the faucet (**صنبور**), the sink (**حوض**), and the drain (**بالوعة**).

When describing plumbing issues, you might need to talk about water boiling, leaking, or blockages.

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### Small Appliances and Breakdowns

When an appliance stops working, we use the verb **تعطل** (to break down). Let's see this with smaller household items like a fan (**مروحة**) and an iron (**مكواة**).

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### Utilities and Safety

Finally, let's talk about the utilities that keep our homes running. A meter used for measuring water or electricity consumption is called a **عداد**, and an electrical outlet is a **مقبس**.

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Home Appliances and Utilities

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
refrigerator	ثلاجةthallâja
The refrigerator broke down in one of the apartments.	تعطلت الثلاجة في إحدى الشقق.ta'attalati ath-thallâjatu fî ihdâ ash-shuqaq
Maryam began to clean the refrigerator.	أخذت مريم تنظف الثلاجة.akhadhat maryamu tunazzifu ath-thallâjata.
washing machine	غسالةghassâla
I put the dirty clothes in the washing machine.	وضعت الملابس المتسخة في الغسالة.wadaatu al-malâbisa al-muttasikhata fî al-ghassâlati
The female engineer began taking apart the washing machine.	أخذت المهندسة تفك الغسالة.akhadhati-l-muhandisatu tafukku-l-ghassâlata.
heater	سخانsakhkhân
The water began to boil in the heater.	أخذ الماء يغلي في السخان.akhadha-l-mâ'u yaghlî fi-s-sakhkhân.
We need a heater in one of the bathrooms.	نحتاج إلى سخان في أحد الحمامات.nahtâju ilâ sakhkhânin fî ahadi-l-hammâmât
faucet	صنبورsunbûr
Close the faucet after you wash your hands.	أغلق الصنبور بعدما تغسل يديك.aghliqi s-sunbûra ba'damâ taghsilu yadayka
sink	حوضhawd
The water is leaking from the faucet into the sink.	يتسرب الماء من الصنبور إلى الحوض.yatasarrabu al-mâ'u mina s-sunbûri ilâ l-hawdi
Fatima cleaned the sink after the plumber left.	نظفت فاطمة الحوض بعدما ذهب السباك.nazzafat fâtimatu al-hawda ba'damâ dhahaba as-sabbâku
drain	بالوعةbâlû'a
The water began falling into the drain.	أخذ الماء ينزل في البالوعة.akhadha al-mâ'u yanzilu fi al-bâlû'ah
This drain is completely blocked.	هذه البالوعة مغلقة تماما.hâdhihi al-bâlû'atu mughlaqatun tamâman
fan	مروحةmirwaha
The fan is in one of the rooms.	المروحة في إحدى الغرف.al-mirwaḥatu fî iḥdâ al-ghurafi
Aisha bought a fan when the air conditioner broke down.	اشترت عائشة مروحة حينما تعطل المكيف.ishtarat 'â'ishatu mirwahatan hînamâ ta'attala al-mukayyifu.
iron (appliance)	مكواةmikwâh
I left the iron on the table.	تركت المكواة على الطاولة.taraktu almikwâta 'alâ attâwilati
She burned the shirt when she used the iron.	حرقت القميص حينما استخدمت المكواة.haraqati l-qamîsa hînamâ istakhdamati l-mikwâta.
meter (measuring device)	عداد'addâd
The electricity meter is outside the house.	عداد الكهرباء خارج البيت.'addâdu al-kahrabâ'i khârija al-bayti.
One of the workers read the water meter.	قرأ أحد العمال عداد الماء.qara'a aĥadu al-'ummâli 'addâda al-mâ'i.
electrical outlet	مقبسmiqbas
The child began playing with the electrical outlet.	أخذ الطفل يلعب بالمقبس.akhadha at-tiflu yal'abu bil-miqbasi.
Put the wire in the electrical outlet.	ضع السلك في المقبس.da'i is-silka fi al-miqbasi