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### Putting things in order

To list points, number them with **{{item:1131486}}** (*first*) and **{{item:1131488}}** (*second*); they are the ordinals أول and ثاني with the adverb ending ـاً.

{{item:1131490}}

### Telling a story

A story starts **{{item:1131497}}** or **{{item:1131500}}** (*one day*). It moves on with **ثم** (*then*) and **بعد ذلك** (*after that*), and the next day is **في اليوم {{item:1131506}}**. It ends **{{item:1131494}}** (*in the end*) or with أخيرا (*finally*). **{{item:1131491}}** is *at first*, often set against what happened later.

{{item:1131498}}

{{item:1131493}}

{{item:1131507}}

{{item:1131496}}

### Later, last

**{{item:1131503}}** is *later (on)*. **{{item:1131509}}** (*last, final*) is an adjective that follows its noun: اليوم الأخير *the last day*.

{{item:1131504}}

{{item:1131510}}

First, then, in the end (أولا، ثم، في النهاية)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Pronouns with prepositions

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Question	Answer
first(ly)	أولاawwalan
First I drink coffee, then I go to work.	أولا، أشرب القهوة، ثم أذهب إلى العمل.awwalan, ashrabu al-qahwata, thumma adh-habu ilâ al-'amali.
second(ly)	ثانياthâniyan
First read the question, second write the answer.	أولا، اقرأ السؤال، ثانيا، اكتب الجواب.awwalan, iqra'i s-su'âl, thâniyan, uktubi l-jawâb.
I have two reasons: first, the weather is cold; second, I am tired.	عندي سببان: أولا، الجو بارد، ثانيا، أنا متعب.indî sababâni: awwalan, al-jawwu bâridun, thâniyan, ana mut'abun.
at first, in the beginning	في البدايةfil bidâyah
At first, the work was difficult.	في البداية، كان العمل صعبا.fi al-bidâyati, kâna al-amalu saaban.
At first I didn't understand the lesson, then I understood it.	في البداية ما فهمت الدرس، ثم فهمته.fī al-bidâyati mâ fahimtu ad-darsa, thumma fahimtuhu.
in the end	في النهايةfi n-nihâyah
In the end, we found the hotel.	في النهاية، وجدنا الفندق.fin-nihâya, wajadnâ al-funduq.
We waited an hour, and in the end we went back home.	انتظرنا ساعة، وفي النهاية رجعنا إلى البيت.intazarna sâatan, wa fi n-nihâyati rajaana ila l-bayti
one day	ذات يومdhâta yawmin
One day, the farmer went to the market.	ذات يوم، ذهب الفلاح إلى السوق.dhâta yawmin, dhahaba l-fallâhu ilâ s-sûqi
One day, I saw a lion in the garden.	ذات يوم، رأيت أسدا في الحديقة.dhâta yawmin, ra'aytu asadan fil-hadîqati.
one day (once)	في يوم من الأيامfi yawmin mina l-ayyâm
One day, the king traveled to a faraway city.	في يوم من الأيام، سافر الملك إلى مدينة بعيدة.fi yawmin mina al-ayyâmi, sâfara al-maliku ila madînatin ba'îdatin.
One day, the boy was playing in the field.	في يوم من الأيام، كان الولد يلعب في الحقل.fi yawmin mina al-ayyâmi, kâna al-waladu yal'abu fi al-haqli.
later (on)	في وقت لاحقfī waqtin lâhiqin
I will call you later.	سأتصل بك في وقت لاحق.sa'attasilu bika fi waqtin lâhiq
We will talk about this later.	سنتكلم عن هذا في وقت لاحق.sanatakallamu 'an hâdhâ fî waqtin lâhiq
next, following	التاليat-tâlî
The next day, we went back to the city.	في اليوم التالي، رجعنا إلى المدينة.fil-yawmit-tâli, raja'nâ ilal-madînah
The next lesson is easy.	الدرس التالي سهل.ad-darsu t-tâli sahlun.
last, final	أخيرakhîr
This is the last day of the vacation.	هذا هو اليوم الأخير في العطلة.hâdhâ huwa al-yawmu al-akhîru fî al-utlati
The last page in the book is interesting.	الصفحة الأخيرة في الكتاب ممتعة.as-safhatu al-akhiratu fi al-kitabi mumti'ah

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