Most Romanian prepositions — cu, la, în, pe, de, din, până — are followed by a plain (accusative) noun: cu trenul, la școală, în oraș, pe masă. But a distinct class of spatial and relational prepositions breaks this pattern: they demand that their noun appear in the genitive. You say deasupra mesei ("above the table"), not deasupra masa. This page covers that class, explains the hidden logic behind it, and flags the cousins datorită/grație/mulțumită, which look similar but take the dative instead.
The core list
These are the genitive-governing prepositions you will meet most often. The noun that follows goes into the genitive form (masc. -lui, fem. -ei/-ii).
| Preposition | Meaning | Example (+ genitive) |
|---|---|---|
| deasupra | above, over | deasupra mesei — above the table |
| dedesubtul | underneath, below | dedesubtul podului — under the bridge |
| înaintea | before (place/time), ahead of | înaintea plecării — before departure |
| în fața | in front of | în fața casei — in front of the house |
| în spatele | behind | în spatele blocului — behind the building |
| în jurul | around | în jurul mesei — around the table |
| de-a lungul | along | de-a lungul râului — along the river |
| împotriva / contra | against | împotriva regulilor — against the rules |
| asupra | upon, on (figurative) | asupra problemei — on the problem |
Un avion a trecut deasupra orașului.
A plane passed over the city.
Ne-am întâlnit în fața cinematografului.
We met in front of the cinema.
Au plantat copaci de-a lungul drumului.
They planted trees along the road.
Toți au votat împotriva propunerii.
Everyone voted against the proposal.
Why they take the genitive: the hidden noun
The pattern isn't random. Many of these prepositions are complex — historically built from a real noun with its definite article fused on. În fața literally means "in the face of" (față = "face"); în jurul is "in the circle of" (jur = "circle, surround"); în spatele is "in the back of" (spate = "back"). Because there is a noun sitting inside the preposition, whatever follows is really a possessor of that hidden noun — and possessors take the genitive. So în fața casei is structurally "in the-face of-the-house," and casei is genitive for exactly the reason any possessor is.
Mașina e parcată în spatele clădirii.
The car is parked behind the building. (lit. 'in the back of the building')
Ne-am așezat în jurul focului.
We sat down around the fire. (lit. 'in the circle of the fire')
With pronouns: the possessive twist
When the object of one of these prepositions is a pronoun rather than a noun, Romanian often uses a possessive adjective agreeing with that hidden noun, rather than a genitive pronoun: în fața mea ("in front of me," lit. "in my face"), în jurul nostru ("around us"), împotriva lor ("against them"). This is a direct consequence of the hidden-noun analysis — the pronoun behaves like a possessor of față, jur, etc.
S-a așezat chiar în fața mea la cinema.
He sat right in front of me at the cinema.
Toată lumea era împotriva lui.
Everyone was against him.
The dative cousins: datorită, grație, mulțumită
Here is the contrast that trips up even advanced learners. A small group of prepositions meaning roughly "thanks to / owing to" look like they should pattern with the genitive set, but they govern the dative instead: datorită, grație, mulțumită. Since gen and dat are syncretic, the noun form is identical — datorită prietenilor looks just like a genitive — but grammatically these are dative, and the difference surfaces with pronouns (datorită ție, "thanks to you," dative pronoun, not datorită ta).
Am reușit datorită ajutorului tău.
I succeeded thanks to your help.
Grație profesoarei, am înțeles în sfârșit gramatica.
Thanks to the teacher, I finally understood the grammar.
Mulțumită vecinilor, n-am rămas pe drumuri.
Thanks to the neighbors, I wasn't left out on the street.
A useful nuance of register: datorită carries a positive cause ("thanks to," a good outcome), while din cauza — which takes the genitive — carries a negative cause ("because of," a bad outcome). Datorită ploii am avut o recoltă bună vs. Din cauza ploii s-a anulat meciul.
Din cauza furtunii s-a anulat zborul.
Because of the storm, the flight was cancelled. (din cauza + genitive, negative cause)
Common Mistakes
❌ deasupra masa
Incorrect — deasupra governs the genitive: deasupra mesei (masă → mese → mesei).
✅ deasupra mesei
above the table
❌ în fața casa
Incorrect — the object of în fața is genitive: în fața casei.
✅ în fața casei
in front of the house
❌ împotriva regulile
Incorrect — împotriva takes the genitive plural: împotriva regulilor.
✅ împotriva regulilor
against the rules
❌ datorită ta
Incorrect — datorită takes the dative, so the pronoun is ție, not the possessive ta.
✅ datorită ție
thanks to you
❌ în jurul foc
Incorrect — the noun must be in the genitive: în jurul focului.
✅ în jurul focului
around the fire
Key Takeaways
- A class of spatial/relational prepositions (deasupra, în fața, în jurul, împotriva, de-a lungul, asupra) governs the genitive, unlike the common prepositions (cu, la, în, pe), which take the plain accusative.
- Many are complex prepositions hiding an articled noun (față, jur, spate), which is why their object is a genitive possessor.
- With pronouns, the genitive set often uses a possessive (în fața mea, împotriva lui).
- Datorită, grație, mulțumită look similar but govern the dative — visible only with pronouns (datorită ție).
- Positive cause = datorită (+dative); negative cause = din cauza (+genitive).
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Start learning Romanian→Related Topics
- The Genitive (possession, 'of')B1 — How Romanian expresses possession and the 'of'-relation by inflecting the possessor — masculine -lui, feminine -ei/-ii — with no preposition, plus proper names with lui and the genitival article al/a/ai/ale.
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- Genitive Prepositions in Depth: asupra, împotriva, contraB2 — A close look at the genitive-governing prepositions that aren't purely spatial — asupra (upon/about), împotriva and contra (against), deasupra, dedesubtul, înaintea, înapoia, de-a lungul, în pofida — why they all descend from articled nouns, and why their pronoun object is the possessive (asupra mea, împotriva lor), not a strong pronoun.
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