Hungarian szokik contains two systems that learners must keep apart. Lexical szokik and its prefixed forms describe becoming or being accustomed: hozzászokik a zajhoz “get used to the noise,” megszokja a zajt “get used to the noise.” Auxiliary-like szokott + infinitive describes a present or general habit: Reggelente futni szokott “He/She usually runs in the mornings.”
The habitual form looks exactly like a past-tense form, but in current standard Hungarian it normally has present habitual meaning. This is a real irregularity, not a metaphor learners can calculate from English. The ordinary lexical paradigm remains available, particularly inside prefixed verbs, while the habitual construction conventionally selects the morphologically past series.
The past-tense forms guide explains the endings shared with ordinary past verbs. Here the crucial task is deciding whether those endings convey lexical past time or belong to the special habitual construction.
Principal parts and the two meanings
| Function | Form | Meaning or status |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary / lexical present 3sg | szokik | becomes accustomed; chiefly with a prefix |
| Morphological past 3sg | szokott | lexical past, or present/general habitual auxiliary |
| Infinitive | szokni | lexical “become accustomed” |
| Present participle | szokó | limited; more often prefixed, as in rászokó |
| Past participle | szokott | common: “accustomed/usual” |
| Future participle | szokandó | (archaic) or highly marked |
| Adverbial participle | szokva | usually in hozzá van szokva |
Már hozzászoktam ahhoz, hogy korán kezdődik a műszak.
I have already got used to the shift starting early.
Vasárnaponként együtt szoktunk ebédelni a nagyszüleimmel.
On Sundays we usually have lunch with my grandparents.
In the first sentence, hozzászoktam is an ordinary lexical past: the adjustment has happened. In the second, szoktunk ebédelni is morphologically past but describes the family’s current routine.
Lexical present: szokik and its prefixed forms
| Person | Indefinite | Definite |
|---|---|---|
| én | szokom / szokok | szokom |
| te | szoksz | szokod |
| ő / Ön | szokik | szokja |
| mi | szokunk | szokjuk |
| ti | szoktok | szokjátok |
| ők / Önök | szoknak | szokják |
Traditional careful usage favors ik-conjugation szokom for first-person singular indefinite; szokok is also widespread in neutral contemporary speech. The definite form is always szokom. In practice, bare present szokik is much less frequent than hozzászokik, megszokik, rászokik, leszokik, and elszokik.
Lassan hozzászokom az új szemüveghez.
I’m gradually getting used to the new glasses.
A gyerekek gyorsan megszokják az új napirendet.
The children quickly get used to the new routine.
These two prefixes build different frames. Hozzászokik valamihez takes an allative -hoz/-hez/-höz complement and presents adaptation toward a condition. Megszokik valamit takes an accusative object and presents the thing as successfully becoming familiar; a definite object selects definite conjugation.
Past and conditional
| Person | Past indefinite | Past definite | Conditional indefinite | Conditional definite |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| én | szoktam | szoktam | szoknék | szoknám |
| te | szoktál | szoktad | szoknál | szoknád |
| ő / Ön | szokott | szokta | szokna | szokná |
| mi | szoktunk | szoktuk | szoknánk | szoknánk |
| ti | szoktatok | szoktátok | szoknátok | szoknátok |
| ők / Önök | szoktak | szokták | szoknának | szoknák |
Without an infinitive, these are ordinary lexical forms: megszokta a meleget “he/she got used to the heat.” With an infinitive, the past-looking forms conventionally express a current or timeless habit. The distinction comes from the complement and context, not from the ending alone.
Néhány hét alatt megszoktuk a hosszabb ingázást.
We got used to the longer commute in a few weeks.
Szoktál zenét hallgatni munka közben?
Do you usually listen to music while working?
Meg szoktad nézni az üzeneteidet lefekvés előtt?
Do you usually check your messages before going to bed?
The last two questions show object definiteness. Zenét is nonspecific, so szoktál is indefinite. Az üzeneteidet is definite, so the finite verb is szoktad. In first-person singular the two past endings happen to coincide as szoktam, but the grammatical contrast has not disappeared.
Imperative–subjunctive and personal infinitive
The imperative–subjunctive belongs to lexical “become accustomed,” normally with a prefix. It is not used to command someone to “usually” do something.
| Person | Indefinite | Definite |
|---|---|---|
| én | szokjak | szokjam |
| te | szokj / szokjál | szokd / szokjad |
| ő / Ön | szokjon | szokja |
| mi | szokjunk | szokjuk |
| ti | szokjatok | szokjátok |
| ők / Önök | szokjanak | szokják |
Ne szokj rá arra, hogy minden este munka közben vacsorázol!
Don’t get into the habit of eating dinner while working every evening!
Adj neki időt, hogy megszokja az új környezetet!
Give her time to get used to the new environment!
The personal infinitive series is szoknom, szoknod, szoknia, szoknunk, szoknotok, szokniuk. It is possible in lexical necessity frames, though a prefixed infinitive is usually more natural: Le kell szoknom az esti kávéról “I must give up evening coffee.”
Habitual word order, negation, and past habits
With a prefixed infinitive in a neutral habitual clause, its prefix commonly stands before szokott: meg szoktam nézni. Under negation or preverbal focus, it stays attached to the infinitive: nem szoktam megnézni, REGGEL szoktam megnézni. The spelling displays the grammatical boundary: separated meg szoktam nézni, not megszoktam nézni. The joined form megszoktam has the lexical meaning “I got used to.”
Indulás előtt meg szoktuk nézni a forgalmi híreket.
We usually check the traffic reports before setting off.
Hétvégén nem szoktam bekapcsolni a munkahelyi telefonomat.
I don’t usually switch on my work phone at weekends.
REGGEL szoktam elolvasni a híreket, nem este.
I usually read the news IN THE MORNING, not in the evening.
For a former habit that no longer holds, current neutral Hungarian commonly uses a past verb with an adverb such as régen or korábban: Régen mindenhová gyalog jártam. Szokott volt + infinitive can express past habit, but it is (regional) or (literary/dated) for many speakers and should not be taught as the everyday default.
Régen minden pénteken moziba jártunk, de már ritkán van rá időnk.
We used to go to the cinema every Friday, but now we rarely have time for it.
Productive prefix frames
Learn each prefixed form with its required case. Rászokik valamire “acquire a habit/addiction” takes sublative -ra/-re. Leszokik valamiről “give up a habit” takes delative -ról/-ről. Elszokik valamitől “lose familiarity with” takes ablative -tól/-től.
Az egyetemen rászokott az éjszakai tanulásra.
At university he got into the habit of studying at night.
A nyáron leszoktam az energiaitalokról.
I gave up energy drinks in the summer.
A hosszú külföldi tartózkodás alatt elszokott a budapesti forgalomtól.
During the long stay abroad, she lost her familiarity with Budapest traffic.
Common Mistakes
❌ Minden reggel kávézni szokok.
Incorrect in neutral standard Hungarian for a present habit — habitual use selects the past-looking form.
✅ Minden reggel kávézni szoktam a kollégáimmal.
I usually have coffee with my colleagues every morning.
❌ Hozzászoktam a hideget.
Incorrect — hozzá- requires an allative complement, not an accusative object.
✅ Hozzászoktam a hideghez, de a korai sötétedéshez még nem.
I got used to the cold, but not yet to the early darkness.
❌ Megszoktam ellenőrizni a naptáramat reggelente.
Incorrect for ‘I usually check’ — joined megszoktam means ‘I got used to.’
✅ Meg szoktam nézni a naptáramat reggelente.
I usually check my calendar in the mornings.
❌ Leszokott a késő esti nassolást.
Incorrect — leszokik requires -ról/-ről.
✅ Leszokott a késő esti nassolásról.
She gave up late-night snacking.
Key Takeaways
- Lexical szokik means become accustomed; habitual szokott + infinitive normally describes a current or general routine.
- The habitual construction uses past-looking endings and still reflects the infinitive’s object definiteness.
- Neutral meg szoktam nézni is three words; megszoktam is the lexical past “I got used to.”
- Under negation or focus, use nem szoktam megnézni and REGGEL szoktam megnézni.
- Prefixed lexical forms select different cases, so learn the entire frame rather than the English gloss alone.
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