Ismer means “know, be acquainted or familiar with.” It takes an accusative object: a person, place, work, system, or recurring situation. English know also covers facts and abilities, but Hungarian normally assigns those to tud. The object’s definiteness selects ismerek versus ismerem, while prefixes distinguish becoming acquainted, recognizing, admitting, and acknowledging.
Principal parts
| Function | Form | Note |
|---|---|---|
| dictionary / present 3sg | ismer | front-vowel verb |
| past 3sg | ismert | no linking vowel |
| conditional 3sg | ismerne | front-vowel ending |
| imperative 2sg | ismerj | stem + -j |
| infinitive | ismerni | stem + -ni |
| present participle | ismerő | mainly with a complement |
Indefinite conjugation
| Person | Present | Past | Conditional | Imperative–subjunctive |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| én | ismerek | ismertem | ismernék | ismerjek |
| te | ismersz | ismertél | ismernél | ismerj / ismerjél |
| ő | ismer | ismert | ismerne | ismerjen |
| mi | ismerünk | ismertünk | ismernénk | ismerjünk |
| ti | ismertek | ismertetek | ismernétek | ismerjetek |
| ők | ismernek | ismertek | ismernének | ismerjenek |
Definite conjugation
| Person | Present | Past | Conditional | Imperative–subjunctive |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| én | ismerem | ismertem | ismerném | ismerjem |
| te | ismered | ismerted | ismernéd | ismerd / ismerjed |
| ő | ismeri | ismerte | ismerné | ismerje |
| mi | ismerjük | ismertük | ismernénk | ismerjük |
| ti | ismeritek | ismertétek | ismernétek | ismerjétek |
| ők | ismerik | ismerték | ismernék | ismerjék |
First-person past ismertem is syncretic: ismertem egy zenészt “I knew a musician” is indefinite, but ismertem a zenészt “I knew the musician” is definite. Other persons often display the contrast overtly: ismertél/ismerted, ismert/ismerte.
People: acquaintance, not facts about them
With people, ismer means have acquaintance or familiarity. Proper names, personal pronouns, and noun phrases with the definite article trigger definite conjugation.
Ismerek egy ügyes villanyszerelőt a környéken.
I know a skilled electrician in the neighborhood.
Jól ismerem Borbálát, mert évekig együtt dolgoztunk.
I know Borbála well because we worked together for years.
Ismered azt a magas férfit a pénztár mellett?
Do you know that tall man beside the checkout?
By contrast, tudok Borbáláról means “I know about Borbála/I am aware of her,” not necessarily that we have met. Tudom, ki Borbála means “I know who Borbála is.” English know hides this three-way difference.
The source of acquaintance can take delative -ról/-ről or an idiomatic source expression:
Nórát az egyetemről ismerem, de már régóta nem találkoztunk.
I know Nóra from university, but we haven’t met for a long time.
A színészt csak névről ismerjük.
We know the actor only by name.
Látásból ismer means recognize by sight without close personal acquaintance. These source phrases do not alter the fact that the known person is the definite object.
Places, works, and systems
Ismer describes accumulated familiarity, not simple possession of one fact. It is natural with cities, routes, books, films, rules, traditions, and software.
A taxis jól ismeri a belváros összes egyirányú utcáját.
The taxi driver knows all the one-way streets downtown well.
Ismeritek ezt a novellát, vagy most olvassátok először?
Do you know this short story, or are you reading it for the first time?
Az új kolléga még nem ismeri a raktári nyilvántartó rendszert.
The new colleague isn’t familiar with the warehouse inventory system yet.
For a single answer use tud: Tudom, melyik utca egyirányú “I know which street is one-way.” For familiarity that permits navigation, interpretation, or competent use, ismer is the better verb.
Ismer versus tud
| Intended meaning | Hungarian frame |
|---|---|
| know a person | ismer valakit |
| be familiar with a place/work/system | ismer valamit |
| know a fact or answer | tud valamit; tudja, hogy… |
| know how / be able | tud + infinitive |
| know about a topic/person | tud valamiről/valakiről |
Ismerem ezt a verset, de nem tudom kívülről.
I know this poem, but I don’t know it by heart.
The first clause says the poem is familiar; the second denies exact memorized knowledge. Some objects allow both verbs with precisely this shift, so there is no rule that “people take ismer, things take tud.”
When ismerni depends on kell, it can take personal-infinitive endings:
A döntés előtt ismernem kell minden lehetséges következményt.
Before deciding, I need to know every possible consequence.
Here ismernem identifies the first-person logical subject of impersonal kell. This is different from finite ismerek/ismerem and follows the personal-infinitive pattern.
Prefixes: entering and evaluating knowledge
Megismer means become acquainted with, get to know, or learn about through experience. Felismer means recognize or identify. Elismer means acknowledge, recognize merit, or admit validity. Beismer means confess or admit one’s own act or error.
A nyári táborban sok érdekes embert ismertünk meg.
We got to know many interesting people at summer camp.
A portás az új szemüvegben is azonnal felismerte a vendéget.
The porter recognized the guest immediately even with the new glasses.
A vállalat végül elismerte, hogy hibás adatot közölt.
The company finally acknowledged that it had published incorrect data.
A játékos beismerte a szabálytalanságot a bírónak.
The player admitted the foul to the referee.
These are lexicalized verbs, not interchangeable aspect markers. Their object frames remain transitive and often definite.
Negation or focus separates the prefix:
A félhomályban nem ismertem fel a régi osztálytársamat.
In the dim light, I didn’t recognize my former classmate.
Hol ismerted meg a párodat?
Where did you meet and get to know your partner?
Csak a harmadik fejezetben ismertem fel az elbeszélő hangját.
I did not recognize the narrator’s voice until the third chapter.
The focused place or time occupies the preverbal slot, so meg/fel follows the finite verb. The prefix-order guide gives the general rule.
Participles
| Form | Typical use | Register |
|---|---|---|
| ismerni | szeretné jobban ismerni “would like to know better” | unmarked |
| ismerő | a helyzetet jól ismerő szakértő “expert familiar with the situation” | mainly attributive |
| ismert | ismert zeneszerző “well-known composer” | unmarked |
| ismerve | a körülményeket ismerve “knowing the circumstances” | (formal) |
| ismerendő | ismerendő háttéradat “background information to know” | (formal) or (academic) |
The adjective and noun ismerős means “familiar” or “acquaintance”; it is not a finite form of ismer.
Common Mistakes
❌ Tudom Pétert, de a testvérét még nem.
Incorrect — personal acquaintance requires ismer.
✅ Ismerem Pétert, de a testvérével még nem találkoztam.
I know Péter, but I haven’t met his sibling yet.
❌ Ismerem egy jó pékséget a piac közelében.
Incorrect — the indefinite object requires indefinite conjugation.
✅ Ismerek egy jó pékséget a piac közelében.
I know a good bakery near the market.
❌ Ismerem, hogy hol van a sürgősségi bejárat.
Incorrect — a fact clause requires tud, not acquaintance ismer.
✅ Tudom, hogy a sürgősségi bejárat az épület mögött van.
I know that the emergency entrance is behind the building.
❌ Tegnap nem felismertem a hangját telefonon.
Incorrect — neutral negation separates the prefix.
✅ Tegnap nem ismertem fel a hangját telefonon.
Yesterday I didn’t recognize his voice on the phone.
Key Takeaways
- Ismer valakit/valamit expresses acquaintance or accumulated familiarity and always has an accusative object.
- A definite person, place, or work selects ismerem/ismeri; an indefinite one selects ismerek/ismer.
- Use tud for facts, answers, abilities, and “know about”; some objects allow both verbs with a meaning contrast.
- Source phrases such as az egyetemről, névről, and látásból describe how acquaintance arose.
- Megismer, felismer, elismer, and beismer are distinct prefixed verbs whose prefixes separate under negation or focus.
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