The following fictional column by Pécs resident Dóra Varga argues for reducing car traffic around the city center. Its position is clear but qualified: concession, evidence, rhetorical questions, and corrective focus make the argument sound reasoned rather than absolute.
Complete column
Kevesebb autót a belvárosba — de hogyan?
Fewer cars in the city center—but how?
Szerintem Pécs belvárosa élhetőbb lenne, ha hétvégén kevesebb autó hajthatna be a Széchenyi tér környékére.
In my view, central Pécs would be more livable if fewer cars could enter the area around Széchenyi Square at weekends.
Igaz, hogy sok üzlettulajdonos a forgalom csökkenésétől tart, ezért ezt az aggodalmat nem szabad félresöpörni.
It is true that many shop owners fear a decline in traffic, so this concern must not simply be brushed aside.
Ugyanakkor valóban az autóval érkező vásárlók tartják életben a központot?
At the same time, is it really customers arriving by car who keep the center alive?
A környező városok tapasztalatai alapján inkább az látszik, hogy a biztonságos, csendes utcák hosszabb sétára ösztönzik az embereket.
Based on the experience of nearby cities, the evidence suggests instead that safe, quiet streets encourage people to stay and walk longer.
Nem az autósokat kell kitiltani, hanem megbízható alternatívát kell kínálni nekik.
It is not motorists who should be banned; rather, they must be offered a reliable alternative.
Ehhez gyakoribb buszjáratokra, olcsó peremparkolókra és jól kijelölt rakodóhelyekre lenne szükség.
That would require more frequent buses, inexpensive edge-of-center parking, and clearly marked loading bays.
Lehet, hogy az átállás kezdetben kényelmetlenséget okozna, de vajon nem éri meg kipróbálni egy három hónapos rendszert?
The transition might initially cause inconvenience, but surely it is worth trying a three-month scheme?
Úgy vélem, a vita nem arról szól, hogy autó vagy gyaloglás, hanem arról, milyen belvárost szeretnénk tíz év múlva.
I believe the debate is not about cars versus walking, but about what kind of city center we want in ten years.
Dóra Varga, Pécs
Dóra Varga, Pécs
Sentence-by-sentence segmentation
| Hungarian chunks | Literal structure | Discourse value |
|---|---|---|
| szerint-em | according-to-1SG | in my view |
| élhető-bb lenne | livable-COMP would-be | would be more livable |
| ha … hajt-hat-na be | if … drive-POT-COND in | if … could enter |
| igaz, hogy… / ezért… nem… / ugyanakkor | true that / therefore not / at-the-same-time | concession, accepted consequence, then counterpoint |
| valóban … tartják életben? | really … keep alive? | rhetorical challenge |
| tapasztalat-ai alapján | experience-POSS.3PL on-basis-of | based on the evidence |
| nem X-et kell…, hanem Y-t kell… | not X must, but Y must | corrective focus |
| ehhez / járat-ok-ra lenne szükség | for-this / service-PL-ONTO would-be need | this would require bus services |
| vajon / nem éri meg? | I-wonder / is-it-not worth? | rhetorical invitation |
| arról szól, hogy… | about-that speaks that | is about the issue that… |
Eight choices that create an argumentative voice
1. Szerintem owns the claim
Szerintem marks the proposition as the author’s assessment. It is less bureaucratic than álláspontom szerint (formal) and firmer than talán. Hungarian does not require a following comma when it integrates closely with the clause.
2. Conditional mood links proposal and consequence
Élhetőbb lenne gives the predicted result, while hajthatna be combines potential and conditional morphology. Because the ha clause is hypothetical, both clauses naturally use conditional forms. The prefix follows hajthatna because kevesebb autó occupies the focused preverbal position.
3. Concession does not mean surrender
Igaz, hogy… acknowledges the shop owners’ concern, and ezért ezt az aggodalmat nem szabad félresöpörni accepts its practical consequence. The following sentence’s ugyanakkor then pivots from respecting the concern to challenging the broader assumption about who keeps the center alive. This staged concession is common in edited opinion prose (journalistic). When the second clause directly resists an expected inference, mégsem is appropriate: Igaz, hogy drága, mégsem lehetetlen “It is true that it is expensive, but it is not impossible.”
4. Rhetorical questions focus the contested assumption
In valóban az autóval érkező vásárlók tartják életben…?, the constituent immediately before tartják is the proposed answer under challenge. The question is not neutral information-seeking; valóban invites doubt. Prosodic stress would fall on az autóval érkező vásárlók.
5. Evidence is grammatically sourced
A tapasztalatok alapján names the evidential basis through a postposition. Az látszik, hogy… avoids presenting the author as the sole observer and sounds appropriately measured. This is evidential restraint, not uncertainty about the grammar.
6. Corrective focus uses nem… hanem…
Nem az autósokat kell kitiltani, hanem … alternatívát kell kínálni replaces one policy with another. The focused object precedes kell. The prefix ki- stays joined to the infinitive after the modal; nem kell tiltani ki would wrongly copy finite prefix movement.
7. Need is a possessive-existential construction
Szükség lenne is conditional “there would be a need.” The needed items take -ra/-re: járatokra, parkolókra, rakodóhelyekre. English need buses gives no clue to this case frame.
8. The conclusion reframes the question
Nem arról szól…, hanem arról… corrects the topic itself. Both arról forms anticipate following hogy/milyen clauses. The repeated case pronoun makes the parallel structure explicit and gives the closing sentence rhetorical balance.
The focus contrasts guide develops the word-order system behind these choices.
Diagnosing an English-shaped argument
A plausible learner version is Az én véleményemben, kell kitiltani nem az autókat, hanem adni alternatíva nekik. It translates “in my opinion” with an inessive noun, places nem after the infinitive, and leaves both the offered thing and its recipient unmarked.
❌ Az én véleményemben, kell kitiltani nem az autókat, hanem adni alternatíva nekik.
Incorrect — the stance phrase, focus order, and object marking are English-shaped.
✅ Szerintem nem az autókat kell kitiltani, hanem megbízható alternatívát kell kínálni az autósoknak.
In my view, it is not cars that should be banned; motorists should be offered a reliable alternative.
Common Mistakes
❌ Szerintemmel a próba hasznos lenne.
Incorrect — szerintem already means ‘in my opinion’ and takes no instrumental ending.
✅ Szerintem a három hónapos próba hasznos lenne.
In my view, the three-month trial would be useful.
❌ Igaz, hogy drága, mégis nem lehetetlen.
Awkward neutral order — the concessive negative connector is mégsem.
✅ Igaz, hogy drága, mégsem lehetetlen megvalósítani.
It is true that it is expensive, but it is not impossible to implement.
❌ Nem kell kitiltani ki az autókat.
Incorrect — the prefix remains attached to the infinitive after kell.
✅ Nem kell teljesen kitiltani az autókat a központból.
Cars do not need to be banned completely from the center.
❌ Szükség lenne gyakoribb buszjáratok.
Incorrect — the needed items require -ra/-re.
✅ Szükség lenne gyakoribb esti buszjáratokra.
More frequent evening bus services would be needed.
Key Takeaways
- Stance markers calibrate commitment; they are not empty fillers.
- Concession pairs such as igaz, hogy… mégsem… acknowledge and counter an argument.
- Preverbal focus and prosody identify the assumption under challenge.
- Nem… hanem… corrects a constituent or the entire framing of a debate.
- Evidence sources, need constructions, and verbal prefixes retain their Hungarian case and order patterns.
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