ετοιμάζω (to prepare)

English collapses three different Greek sentences into "get ready", and that is the whole difficulty of ετοιμάζω. Greek keeps making something ready, getting yourself ready and being ready in three separate shapes, and picking the wrong one is the commonest way to sound like a translation.

Principal parts

SlotFormsNote
Presentετοιμάζω, ετοιμάζεις, ετοιμάζει, ετοιμάζουμε, ετοιμάζετε, ετοιμάζουν(ε)
Imperfectετοίμαζα, ετοίμαζες, ετοίμαζε, ετοιμάζαμε, ετοιμάζατε, ετοίμαζανno augment — the stem already carries the stress back
Aoristετοίμασα, ετοίμασες, ετοίμασε, ετοιμάσαμε, ετοιμάσατε, ετοίμασαν
Dependentετοιμάσω — θα ετοιμάσω, να ετοιμάσω
Imperativeετοίμασε / ετοιμάστεactive: get something else ready
Perfectέχω / είχα ετοιμάσει
Gerundετοιμάζοντας
Mediopassiveετοιμάζομαι, aorist ετοιμάστηκαthe -στηκα route, not the -χτηκα of αλλάζω, κοιτάζω
Mediopassive imperativeΕτοιμάσου! / Ετοιμαστείτε!get yourself ready — see below
-μένος participleετοιμασμένος, -η, -οprepared in advance by someone

έτοιμος is not a form of this verb. It is the plain adjective "ready", and the verb was built from it, not the other way round — the same derivation that gives καθαρίζω from καθαρός. The participle ετοιμασμένος says something narrower: not ready, but made ready by somebody.

Το φαγητό είναι ετοιμασμένο από χθες, θέλει μόνο ζέσταμα.

to fayitó íne etimazméno apó chthes, théli móno zéstama

The food was made yesterday — it just needs warming up.

The three-way split

ShapeSaysExample
ετοιμάζω
  • object
I make something readyΕτοίμασα το φαγητό.
ετοιμάζομαιI get myself readyΕτοιμάζομαι, δώσε μου πέντε λεπτά.
είμαι έτοιμοςI am in the ready stateΕίμαι έτοιμος, πάμε.

The middle row is the one that has to be learnt as a fact: ετοιμάζομαι is a true reflexive middle, and it is the only ordinary way to say it. There is no periphrasis to fall back on here — ετοιμάζω τον εαυτό μου exists, but it means bracing yourself for something hard, not putting your shoes on. For the ordinary morning sense the ending does all the work, exactly as it does for πλένομαι and ντύνομαι on the reflexive middle. The active cannot do this job. Unlike αλλάζω and σπάω, which flip to intransitive for free, ετοιμάζω always needs an objectΕτοίμασε το φαγητό can only mean somebody prepared the food, never that the food got itself ready.

Ετοιμάζομαι να φύγω, μη μου βάλεις άλλο κρασί.

etimázome na fígho, mi mu vális álo krasí

I'm getting ready to leave — don't pour me any more wine.

Ετοιμάζεται για τις πανελλήνιες από πέρσι.

etimázete ya tis panelínies apó pérsi

She's been preparing for the university entrance exams since last year.

Πες μου όταν είσαι έτοιμη και κατεβαίνω.

pes mu ótan íse étimi ke katevéno

Tell me when you're ready and I'll come down.

Ετοιμάσου!

The mediopassive imperative is a form learners almost never produce unprompted, and this is the verb that will make you produce it: Ετοιμάσου to one person, Ετοιμαστείτε to several or politely. Unstressed -ου in the singular, stressed -είτε in the plural, as the whole class does on the mediopassive imperative.

Ετοιμάσου γρήγορα, χάνουμε το πλοίο.

etimásu ghríghora, chánume to plío

Get ready, quick — we're going to miss the ferry.

Ετοιμαστείτε, σε πέντε λεπτά μπαίνουμε στη σκηνή.

etimastíte, se pénde leptá bénume sti skiní

Get yourselves ready — we're on stage in five minutes.

💡
Say Ετοίμασε! to somebody and you have told them to get something else ready, and they will wait for the object. The command that means "get yourself ready" is Ετοιμάσου, with the -ου that marks the middle. Same stem, one letter of difference, two different instructions.

Government

FrameExampleReading
accusative objectΕτοίμασα τις βαλίτσες.the thing made ready
weak genitive = beneficiaryΣου ετοίμασα καφέ.who it is for
ετοιμάζομαι για + accusativeΕτοιμάζομαι για τον γάμο.what you are preparing for
ετοιμάζομαι να + dependentΕτοιμάζομαι να βγω.what you are about to do
ετοιμάζομαι, no complementΕτοιμάζομαι.I'm getting dressed and out the door

The two complements of the middle are not interchangeable. για points at an occasion you are preparing for — an exam, a wedding, a trip — and treats it as a fixed point ahead of you. να points at your own next action, and reads as I'm about to. Ετοιμάζομαι για το ταξίδι is weeks of packing; Ετοιμάζομαι να φύγω means the door is about to close.

Σου ετοίμασα καφέ, είναι στο τραπέζι.

su etímasa kafé, íne sto trapézi

I've made you a coffee — it's on the table.

Ετοιμάζω βαλίτσες από χθες και ακόμα δεν τελείωσα.

etimázo valítses apó chthes ke akóma dhen telíosa

I've been packing since yesterday and I'm still not done.

Set phrases

PhraseMeaning
Ετοιμάσου! / Ετοιμαστείτε!get ready
ετοιμάζω βαλίτσεςpack
ετοιμάζω τραπέζιlay the table, put a meal on
ετοιμάζομαι για ύπνοget ready for bed
Είσαι έτοιμος;are you ready?
Όλα έτοιμα.everything's set
ετοιμάζω έκπληξηbe cooking something up

Ετοιμάζουν πάρτι έκπληξη για τα γενέθλιά της.

etimázun párti ékpliksi ya ta yenéthliá tis

They're throwing her a surprise party for her birthday.

Ετοιμάζομαι για ύπνο, θα τα πούμε αύριο.

etimázome ya ípno, tha ta púme ávrio

I'm off to bed — talk tomorrow.

Key Takeaways

  • ετοιμάζω · ετοίμαζα · ετοίμασα · ετοιμάσω · ετοίμασε · έχω ετοιμάσει, mediopassive ετοιμάζομαι / ετοιμάστηκα.
  • Three shapes, three meanings: ετοιμάζω something, ετοιμάζομαι myself, είμαι έτοιμος as a state.
  • The active never goes intransitive. Food, bags and rooms do not ready themselves in Greek.
  • Ετοιμάσου / Ετοιμαστείτε is the everyday household command; Ετοίμασε asks for an object.
  • έτοιμος is an adjective the verb was built from, not a participle. ετοιμασμένος means prepared in advance by someone.
  • The passive aorist takes -στηκα — ετοιμάστηκα, not the -χτηκα of αλλάχτηκα and κοιτάχτηκα.

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Related Topics

  • καθαρίζω (to clean)B1Morphologically the quietest verb on this shelf — every slot filled, every slot predictable — so the card is about range: one word cleans a bathroom, peels a potato, guts a fish, clears the sky, and on its own announces that you are done.
  • αλλάζω (to change)A2A labile verb: one active form does duty as both transitive and intransitive, so Άλλαξα τη ζωή μου and Άλλαξε ο καιρός use the identical verb with no voice switch at all. Principal parts, the -ζω verbs that take ξ, and the frames with σε and με.
  • Reflexive Use of the Middle VoiceB1How Greek uses the mediopassive -ομαι ending to say you do something to yourself — πλένομαι (wash), ντύνομαι (get dressed), χτενίζομαι (comb one's hair), ετοιμάζομαι (get ready) — why the ending itself is the 'myself', when the marked τον εαυτό μου is needed instead, and why body parts take active + possessive (πλένω τα χέρια μου).
  • Mediopassive ImperativeB1Commands for -ομαι / -άμαι verbs — the reflexives, feelings and motion verbs — with singular -ου and plural -είτε (ντύσου / ντυθείτε, σκέψου / σκεφτείτε), plus the high-frequency irregulars κάτσε, σήκω, στάσου and έλα.