English collapses three different Greek sentences into "get ready", and that is the whole difficulty of ετοιμάζω. Greek keeps making something ready, getting yourself ready and being ready in three separate shapes, and picking the wrong one is the commonest way to sound like a translation.
Principal parts
| Slot | Forms | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Present | ετοιμάζω, ετοιμάζεις, ετοιμάζει, ετοιμάζουμε, ετοιμάζετε, ετοιμάζουν(ε) | |
| Imperfect | ετοίμαζα, ετοίμαζες, ετοίμαζε, ετοιμάζαμε, ετοιμάζατε, ετοίμαζαν | no augment — the stem already carries the stress back |
| Aorist | ετοίμασα, ετοίμασες, ετοίμασε, ετοιμάσαμε, ετοιμάσατε, ετοίμασαν | |
| Dependent | ετοιμάσω — θα ετοιμάσω, να ετοιμάσω | |
| Imperative | ετοίμασε / ετοιμάστε | active: get something else ready |
| Perfect | έχω / είχα ετοιμάσει | |
| Gerund | ετοιμάζοντας | |
| Mediopassive | ετοιμάζομαι, aorist ετοιμάστηκα | the -στηκα route, not the -χτηκα of αλλάζω, κοιτάζω |
| Mediopassive imperative | Ετοιμάσου! / Ετοιμαστείτε! | get yourself ready — see below |
| -μένος participle | ετοιμασμένος, -η, -ο | prepared in advance by someone |
έτοιμος is not a form of this verb. It is the plain adjective "ready", and the verb was built from it, not the other way round — the same derivation that gives καθαρίζω from καθαρός. The participle ετοιμασμένος says something narrower: not ready, but made ready by somebody.
Το φαγητό είναι ετοιμασμένο από χθες, θέλει μόνο ζέσταμα.
to fayitó íne etimazméno apó chthes, théli móno zéstama
The food was made yesterday — it just needs warming up.
The three-way split
| Shape | Says | Example |
|---|---|---|
ετοιμάζω
| I make something ready | Ετοίμασα το φαγητό. |
| ετοιμάζομαι | I get myself ready | Ετοιμάζομαι, δώσε μου πέντε λεπτά. |
| είμαι έτοιμος | I am in the ready state | Είμαι έτοιμος, πάμε. |
The middle row is the one that has to be learnt as a fact: ετοιμάζομαι is a true reflexive middle, and it is the only ordinary way to say it. There is no periphrasis to fall back on here — ετοιμάζω τον εαυτό μου exists, but it means bracing yourself for something hard, not putting your shoes on. For the ordinary morning sense the ending does all the work, exactly as it does for πλένομαι and ντύνομαι on the reflexive middle. The active cannot do this job. Unlike αλλάζω and σπάω, which flip to intransitive for free, ετοιμάζω always needs an object — Ετοίμασε το φαγητό can only mean somebody prepared the food, never that the food got itself ready.
Ετοιμάζομαι να φύγω, μη μου βάλεις άλλο κρασί.
etimázome na fígho, mi mu vális álo krasí
I'm getting ready to leave — don't pour me any more wine.
Ετοιμάζεται για τις πανελλήνιες από πέρσι.
etimázete ya tis panelínies apó pérsi
She's been preparing for the university entrance exams since last year.
Πες μου όταν είσαι έτοιμη και κατεβαίνω.
pes mu ótan íse étimi ke katevéno
Tell me when you're ready and I'll come down.
Ετοιμάσου!
The mediopassive imperative is a form learners almost never produce unprompted, and this is the verb that will make you produce it: Ετοιμάσου to one person, Ετοιμαστείτε to several or politely. Unstressed -ου in the singular, stressed -είτε in the plural, as the whole class does on the mediopassive imperative.
Ετοιμάσου γρήγορα, χάνουμε το πλοίο.
etimásu ghríghora, chánume to plío
Get ready, quick — we're going to miss the ferry.
Ετοιμαστείτε, σε πέντε λεπτά μπαίνουμε στη σκηνή.
etimastíte, se pénde leptá bénume sti skiní
Get yourselves ready — we're on stage in five minutes.
Government
| Frame | Example | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| accusative object | Ετοίμασα τις βαλίτσες. | the thing made ready |
| weak genitive = beneficiary | Σου ετοίμασα καφέ. | who it is for |
| ετοιμάζομαι για + accusative | Ετοιμάζομαι για τον γάμο. | what you are preparing for |
| ετοιμάζομαι να + dependent | Ετοιμάζομαι να βγω. | what you are about to do |
| ετοιμάζομαι, no complement | Ετοιμάζομαι. | I'm getting dressed and out the door |
The two complements of the middle are not interchangeable. για points at an occasion you are preparing for — an exam, a wedding, a trip — and treats it as a fixed point ahead of you. να points at your own next action, and reads as I'm about to. Ετοιμάζομαι για το ταξίδι is weeks of packing; Ετοιμάζομαι να φύγω means the door is about to close.
Σου ετοίμασα καφέ, είναι στο τραπέζι.
su etímasa kafé, íne sto trapézi
I've made you a coffee — it's on the table.
Ετοιμάζω βαλίτσες από χθες και ακόμα δεν τελείωσα.
etimázo valítses apó chthes ke akóma dhen telíosa
I've been packing since yesterday and I'm still not done.
Set phrases
| Phrase | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Ετοιμάσου! / Ετοιμαστείτε! | get ready |
| ετοιμάζω βαλίτσες | pack |
| ετοιμάζω τραπέζι | lay the table, put a meal on |
| ετοιμάζομαι για ύπνο | get ready for bed |
| Είσαι έτοιμος; | are you ready? |
| Όλα έτοιμα. | everything's set |
| ετοιμάζω έκπληξη | be cooking something up |
Ετοιμάζουν πάρτι έκπληξη για τα γενέθλιά της.
etimázun párti ékpliksi ya ta yenéthliá tis
They're throwing her a surprise party for her birthday.
Ετοιμάζομαι για ύπνο, θα τα πούμε αύριο.
etimázome ya ípno, tha ta púme ávrio
I'm off to bed — talk tomorrow.
Key Takeaways
- ετοιμάζω · ετοίμαζα · ετοίμασα · ετοιμάσω · ετοίμασε · έχω ετοιμάσει, mediopassive ετοιμάζομαι / ετοιμάστηκα.
- Three shapes, three meanings: ετοιμάζω something, ετοιμάζομαι myself, είμαι έτοιμος as a state.
- The active never goes intransitive. Food, bags and rooms do not ready themselves in Greek.
- Ετοιμάσου / Ετοιμαστείτε is the everyday household command; Ετοίμασε asks for an object.
- έτοιμος is an adjective the verb was built from, not a participle. ετοιμασμένος means prepared in advance by someone.
- The passive aorist takes -στηκα — ετοιμάστηκα, not the -χτηκα of αλλάχτηκα and κοιτάχτηκα.
Now practice Greek
Reading grammar gets you part of the way. The exercises are where it sticks — free, no signup needed.
Start learning Greek →Related Topics
- καθαρίζω (to clean)B1 — Morphologically the quietest verb on this shelf — every slot filled, every slot predictable — so the card is about range: one word cleans a bathroom, peels a potato, guts a fish, clears the sky, and on its own announces that you are done.
- αλλάζω (to change)A2 — A labile verb: one active form does duty as both transitive and intransitive, so Άλλαξα τη ζωή μου and Άλλαξε ο καιρός use the identical verb with no voice switch at all. Principal parts, the -ζω verbs that take ξ, and the frames with σε and με.
- Reflexive Use of the Middle VoiceB1 — How Greek uses the mediopassive -ομαι ending to say you do something to yourself — πλένομαι (wash), ντύνομαι (get dressed), χτενίζομαι (comb one's hair), ετοιμάζομαι (get ready) — why the ending itself is the 'myself', when the marked τον εαυτό μου is needed instead, and why body parts take active + possessive (πλένω τα χέρια μου).
- Mediopassive ImperativeB1 — Commands for -ομαι / -άμαι verbs — the reflexives, feelings and motion verbs — with singular -ου and plural -είτε (ντύσου / ντυθείτε, σκέψου / σκεφτείτε), plus the high-frequency irregulars κάτσε, σήκω, στάσου and έλα.