αλλάζω (to change)

αλλάζω is the verb that changes what it does to a sentence without changing its own shape. Άλλαξα τη ζωή μου ("I changed my life") and Άλλαξε ο καιρός ("the weather changed") are the same word in the same voice; only the presence of an object decides whether the subject is doing the changing or undergoing it. Linguists call this a labile verb, and Greek has a small but very high-frequency set of them.

Principal parts

SlotFormsNote
Presentαλλάζω, αλλάζεις, αλλάζει, αλλάζουμε, αλλάζετε, αλλάζουν(ε)
Imperfectάλλαζα, άλλαζες, άλλαζε, αλλάζαμε, αλλάζατε, άλλαζαν
Aoristάλλαξα, άλλαξες, άλλαξε, αλλάξαμε, αλλάξατε, άλλαξανthis -ζω lands on -ξα
Dependentαλλάξω — θα αλλάξω, να αλλάξω
Imperativeάλλαξε / αλλάξτεimperfective άλλαζε for a repeated action
Perfectέχω / είχα αλλάξει
Gerundαλλάζοντας
Mediopassiveαλλάζομαι, aorist αλλάχτηκα (also αλλάχθηκα, formal)real, but ordinary speech rarely needs it — see below
-μένος participleαλλαγμένος, -η, -οchanged, not the same person as before

The aorist is the trap. Greek -ζω verbs split two ways — some take ξ (αλλάζω → άλλαξα, παίζω → έπαιξα), others take σ (νομίζω → νόμισα, αγοράζω → αγόρασα) — and there is no rule you can apply from the present form alone; the split is inherited and has to be learnt verb by verb, which is what consonant merges in the aorist sets out. ×άλλασα does not exist.

The learned twin αλλάσσω (formal) survives in official and journalistic prose (αλλάσσει το τοπίο στην αγορά) and shares every past form with αλλάζω. And note αλλαγμένος carries an evaluation English needs a whole clause for:

Τον βρήκα πολύ αλλαγμένο μετά από τόσα χρόνια.

ton vríka polí alaghméno metá apó tósa chrónia

I found him much changed after all those years.

One verb, two valencies

Άλλαξε ο καιρός απότομα και μας πρόλαβε η βροχή.

álakse o kerós apótoma ke mas prólave i vrochí

The weather turned suddenly and the rain caught us out.

Δεν αλλάζει με τίποτα αυτός ο άνθρωπος.

dhen alázi me típota aftós o ánthropos

That man will not change, whatever you do.

Neither sentence has an object, and neither needs a passive: English "the weather was changed" would say something completely different. σπάω works the same way (Έσπασα το ποτήρι / Έσπασε το ποτήρι, σπάω), while ετοιμάζω does not — to say "dinner is ready-ing" Greek must switch to ετοιμάζομαι (ετοιμάζω). That three-way split is the thing to internalise: some Greek verbs flip valency for free, some demand the mediopassive, and the active–passive pairs page maps which is which.

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So what is αλλάχτηκε for, if the plain active already means "changed"? It supplies an agent. Άλλαξε η ώρα της συνάντησης reports the change as something that simply happened; Αλλάχτηκε η ώρα της συνάντησης says a person changed it, and invites the question who. That is a genuine contrast, not a stylistic one — which is why the mediopassive is rare rather than nonexistent.

Η ώρα της συνάντησης αλλάχτηκε δύο φορές μέσα σε μια μέρα.

i óra tis sinándisis aláchtike dhío forés mésa se mia méra

The time of the meeting was changed twice in a single day.

Government

FrameExampleReading
accusative objectΆλλαξα τα σεντόνια.change a thing
no object at allΆλλαξε πολύ φέτος.the subject changed
object dropped: clothesΠάω να αλλάξω.go and get changed
σε
  • accusative
Άλλαξα τα ευρώ σε λίρες.change X into Y
με
  • accusative
Άλλαξα το παλιό με καινούργιο.swap X for Y
bare accusative: moneyΜου αλλάζεις ένα πενηντάρικο;break a note
bare noun, no articleαλλάζω γνώμη / θέμα / δουλειάfixed collocations

The σε / με pair is worth holding apart: σε turns one thing into another, με exchanges one thing for another. Drop the preposition and the second noun is left with no role to play — Greek will not let two bare accusatives share one αλλάζω.

Άλλαξα τα ευρώ σε λίρες πριν φύγω.

álaksa ta evró se líres prin fígho

I changed the euros into pounds before I left.

Μου αλλάζεις ένα πενηντάρικο; Δεν έχω ψιλά για το ταξί.

mu alázis éna penindáriko; dhen écho psilá ya to taksí

Can you break a fifty for me? I've no change for the taxi.

Δώσε μου πέντε λεπτά, πάω να αλλάξω και φεύγουμε.

dhóse mu pénde leptá, páo na alákso ke févghume

Give me five minutes, I'll get changed and we're off.

Set phrases

PhraseMeaning
αλλάζω γνώμηchange my mind
αλλάζω θέμαchange the subject
αλλάζω σελίδαturn over a new leaf
αλλάζω παραστάσειςget a change of scene
αλλάζω χέριαchange hands, change owner
Πάω να αλλάξω.I'm going to get changed
Δεν αλλάζει με τίποτα.nothing will change him
Άλλαξε ο Μανωλιός κι έβαλε τα ρούχα του αλλιώς.a cosmetic change that fixes nothing (proverb)

Άλλαξα γνώμη — τελικά δεν θα έρθω το Σάββατο.

álaksa ghnómi — teliká dhen tha értho to Sávato

I've changed my mind — I'm not coming on Saturday after all.

Άλλαξε θέμα μόλις μπήκε στο δωμάτιο η μητέρα του.

álakse théma mólis bíke sto dhomátio i mitéra tu

He changed the subject the moment his mother walked into the room.

Αλλάζοντας γραμμή στο Σύνταγμα, γλιτώνεις δέκα λεπτά.

alázondas ghramí sto Síndaghma, ghlitónis dhéka leptá

By changing lines at Syntagma you save ten minutes.

Άλλαξε ο Μανωλιός κι έβαλε τα ρούχα του αλλιώς.

álakse o Manoliós ki évale ta rúcha tu aliós

Manolios changed and put his clothes on differently — said of a reform that rearranges the same old thing.

Key Takeaways

  • αλλάζω · άλλαζα · άλλαξα · αλλάξω · άλλαξε · έχω αλλάξει. The aorist takes ξ; ×άλλασα does not exist.
  • It is labile: the same active form is transitive with an object and intransitive without one. Greek does not need a passive to say "the weather changed".
  • The mediopassive αλλάχτηκε is not dead — it adds an unnamed agent, which the plain active cannot.
  • σε = change into, με = swap for, bare accusative = break a banknote, bare noun = the fixed collocations (γνώμη, θέμα, δουλειά).
  • αλλαγμένος describes a person who is visibly not who they were.

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Related Topics

  • σπάω (to break)B1One verb with two complete, equally standard present paradigms — σπάω/σπας/σπάει beside σπάζω/σπάζεις/σπάζει — that collapse into a single aorist έσπασα. Plus the labile transitive/intransitive pair, the passive that adds an agent, and the slang engine σπάω has become.
  • ετοιμάζω (to prepare)B1Three Greek constructions sit behind one English 'get ready': ετοιμάζω makes something ready, ετοιμάζομαι gets yourself ready, είμαι έτοιμος reports the state. Principal parts, the mediopassive imperative Ετοιμάσου!, and why the active can never turn intransitive.
  • Active/Passive Verb PairsB2The causative–inchoative alternation that learners mistake for a passive — καίω/καίγομαι, κουράζω/κουράζομαι — plus the labile actives that need no voice change at all (σταματάω, τελειώνω, γυρίζω, ανοίγω, σπάω), the suppletive pairs ανεβάζω/ανεβαίνω, and the middles that have drifted into new words (χάνομαι, βρίσκομαι, φέρομαι).
  • Aorist Consonant Merges (-ψα, -ξα, -σα)B1The reading skill that unlocks the aorist: every aorist hides the same perfective -σα, and the ending you see (-ψα, -ξα or -σα) tells you what consonant it landed on. Read the merge backwards — -ψα points to a labial verb, -ξα to a velar, -σα to a dental or -νω verb — and you can recover the present of an aorist you've never met. Includes the honest -ζω split (παίζω → έπαιξα but νομίζω → νόμισα).