Vergessen ("to forget") is the verb every learner needs early — and it hides several traps. It is an inseparable strong verb: the prefix ver- is fused to the stem and never detaches, which also means the participle takes no ge-. On top of that, it has the strong e → i vowel change in the present and is famous for one form English speakers consistently mangle: the du-form, which is vergisst, identical to the er/sie/es-form.
Principal parts
| Infinitive | Präteritum | Partizip II (auxiliary) |
|---|---|---|
| vergessen | vergaß | vergessen (hat) |
Read this as: vergessen – vergaß – hat vergessen. Two points stand out. First, the Präteritum stem is vergaß, with ß (because the vowel before it is long). Second, the participle is simply vergessen — identical to the infinitive, with no ge- prefix, because inseparable prefix verbs never insert ge-. The auxiliary is haben.
Präsens (present) — the e → i change
Vergessen belongs to the strong class that changes stem e → i in the 2nd and 3rd person singular. The stem ends in -ss, which absorbs the -st ending, so both du and er/sie/es come out as vergisst.
| Person | Form | In a sentence |
|---|---|---|
| ich | vergesse | Ich vergesse nichts. |
| du | vergisst | Du vergisst alles. |
| er / sie / es | vergisst | Er vergisst ihren Namen. |
| wir | vergessen | Wir vergessen die Zeit. |
| ihr | vergesst | Ihr vergesst die Tickets. |
| sie / Sie | vergessen | Sie vergessen den Termin. |
Watch the spelling carefully: du vergisst and er vergisst both have -ss- before -t, and ihr vergesst keeps the e (no i) because the e → i change touches only du and er/sie/es. For this verb class, see the e → i vowel change.
Ich vergesse ständig, wo ich meine Brille hingelegt habe.
I keep forgetting where I put my glasses. (informal)
Du vergisst doch nie ein Gesicht, oder?
You never forget a face, do you? (informal; note vergisst with -ss-)
Präteritum (simple past)
The strong past stem is vergaß (with ß in the singular; the plural forms write -ß- before the consonant ending too). The Präteritum is common in writing and storytelling.
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| ich | vergaß |
| du | vergaßt |
| er / sie / es | vergaß |
| wir | vergaßen |
| ihr | vergaßt |
| sie / Sie | vergaßen |
Vor lauter Aufregung vergaß er völlig, sich zu bedanken.
In all the excitement he completely forgot to say thank you. (Präteritum; vergessen zu + infinitive)
Perfekt (present perfect)
Built with the present of haben plus the participle vergessen — no ge-, and identical to the infinitive.
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| ich | habe vergessen |
| du | hast vergessen |
| er / sie / es | hat vergessen |
| wir | haben vergessen |
| ihr | habt vergessen |
| sie / Sie | haben vergessen |
Ich habe deinen Geburtstag völlig vergessen — es tut mir so leid!
I completely forgot your birthday — I'm so sorry! (informal; hat vergessen, no ge-)
Mist, ich habe vergessen, das Licht auszumachen.
Damn, I forgot to turn off the light. (informal; vergessen zu/auszumachen)
Futur I (future)
Formed with werden + the infinitive vergessen.
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| ich | werde vergessen |
| du | wirst vergessen |
| er / sie / es | wird vergessen |
| wir | werden vergessen |
| ihr | werdet vergessen |
| sie / Sie | werden vergessen |
Diesen Moment werde ich nie vergessen.
I'll never forget this moment. (a heartfelt set phrase)
Imperativ (commands)
The imperative du-form takes the e → i change, just like the present: vergiss.
| Addressee | Form |
|---|---|
| du | Vergiss! |
| ihr | Vergesst! |
| Sie | Vergessen Sie! |
Vergiss nicht, den Schlüssel mitzunehmen!
Don't forget to take the key! (informal du-command; vergiss with -i-)
Vergessen Sie bitte nicht, das Formular zu unterschreiben.
Please don't forget to sign the form. (formal Sie-command)
Konjunktiv II (would / hypothetical)
The synthetic Konjunktiv II umlauts the past stem vergaß → vergaß- → vergäße. This synthetic form is alive and reasonably common; the würde-form (würde vergessen) also works.
| Person | Synthetic | würde-form |
|---|---|---|
| ich | vergäße | würde vergessen |
| du | vergäßest | würdest vergessen |
| er / sie / es | vergäße | würde vergessen |
| wir | vergäßen | würden vergessen |
| ihr | vergäßet | würdet vergessen |
| sie / Sie | vergäßen | würden vergessen |
Ohne meine Notizen vergäße ich die Hälfte der Termine.
Without my notes I'd forget half my appointments. (synthetic Konjunktiv II vergäße)
Government: accusative, or zu-infinitive
Vergessen is transitive and takes a direct object in the accusative — the thing you forget. To say you forgot to do something, German uses a zu-infinitive (a clause), exactly where English uses "to."
Ich habe den Regenschirm im Zug vergessen.
I left my umbrella on the train. (accusative object; 'forgot/left behind')
Sie hat vergessen, mir Bescheid zu sagen.
She forgot to let me know. (vergessen + zu-infinitive)
A subtlety English misses: when vergessen means "leave something behind in a place," German speakers in everyday speech often prefer the more precise verb liegen lassen / stehen lassen (Ich habe den Schirm im Zug liegen lassen), though vergessen is perfectly acceptable too.
vergessen vs. (sich) erinnern
The opposite of forgetting is sich erinnern an + accusative ("to remember"), which is reflexive and takes a preposition — a structure quite unlike English. Don't model vergessen on it: vergessen is plain transitive with no reflexive pronoun and no preposition. See erinnern.
Ich erinnere mich nicht mehr an seinen Namen — ich habe ihn vergessen.
I don't remember his name anymore — I've forgotten it. (contrast: erinnern is reflexive + an; vergessen is plain transitive)
Common Mistakes
❌ Ich habe gestern den Termin gevergessen.
Incorrect — vergessen is an inseparable verb and takes no ge-; the participle is just vergessen.
✅ Ich habe gestern den Termin vergessen.
I forgot the appointment yesterday.
❌ Du vergisstest immer alles.
Incorrect — the du present is vergisst, and the past is vergaßt; vergisstest is not a form.
✅ Du vergisst immer alles.
You always forget everything.
❌ Vergesse nicht, mich anzurufen!
✅ Vergiss nicht, mich anzurufen!
Don't forget to call me!
❌ Ich habe vergessen anzurufen dich.
Incorrect — the object stays inside the zu-clause: 'Ich habe vergessen, dich anzurufen.'
✅ Ich habe vergessen, dich anzurufen.
I forgot to call you.
❌ Ich vergesse mich an den Termin.
Incorrect — that mixes vergessen with the structure of sich erinnern an; vergessen is plain transitive: 'Ich vergesse den Termin.'
✅ Ich vergesse den Termin.
I'll forget the appointment.
Key Takeaways
- Principal parts: vergessen – vergaß – hat vergessen (Perfekt with haben).
- It is inseparable: the prefix never detaches and the participle takes no ge- (just vergessen).
- Present has the e → i change: du and er/sie/es are both vergisst (with -ss-).
- The imperative du-form is vergiss; the past stem keeps ß (vergaß).
- It is plain transitive (accusative) or takes a zu-infinitive — never reflexive like sich erinnern an.
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Start learning German→Related Topics
- Inseparable Prefix VerbsA2 — The eight prefixes that never split, never take ge-, and are stressed on the stem: be-, emp-, ent-, er-, ge-, miss-, ver-, zer-.
- Present Tense: Strong Verbs with e to i / ieA2 — How strong verbs change their stem vowel from e to i or ie in the du and er/sie/es forms only.
- Past Participles of Strong Verbs (ge-...-en)A2 — How strong German verbs form their past participle with ge-...-en and a changed stem vowel, grouped by ablaut series.
- The zu-InfinitiveB1 — When German uses zu + infinitive at the end of a clause, when it doesn't (modals and perception verbs take a bare infinitive), and where zu goes inside separable verbs.
- sich erinnern: Full Conjugation and UsageB2 — Complete conjugation of the reflexive verb sich erinnern 'to remember', with the accusative reflexive pronoun, sich erinnern an + accusative, the non-reflexive 'remind' pattern, and the errors English speakers make.
- Separable Verb ErrorsB1 — The four classic separable-verb mistakes — not splitting the prefix, wrong participle, misplaced zu, and wrong auxiliary — all trace back to one idea: the verb wraps around the clause.