vergessen: Full Conjugation and Usage

Vergessen ("to forget") is the verb every learner needs early — and it hides several traps. It is an inseparable strong verb: the prefix ver- is fused to the stem and never detaches, which also means the participle takes no ge-. On top of that, it has the strong e → i vowel change in the present and is famous for one form English speakers consistently mangle: the du-form, which is vergisst, identical to the er/sie/es-form.

Principal parts

InfinitivePräteritumPartizip II (auxiliary)
vergessenvergaßvergessen (hat)

Read this as: vergessen – vergaß – hat vergessen. Two points stand out. First, the Präteritum stem is vergaß, with ß (because the vowel before it is long). Second, the participle is simply vergessen — identical to the infinitive, with no ge- prefix, because inseparable prefix verbs never insert ge-. The auxiliary is haben.

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The reason there is no ge- is purely phonological: German only adds ge- to participles whose stem is stressed on the first syllable. In verGESsen the stress falls on the stem, not on ver-, so there is no room for ge-. The same logic gives bekommen → bekommen and verstehen → verstanden.

Präsens (present) — the e → i change

Vergessen belongs to the strong class that changes stem e → i in the 2nd and 3rd person singular. The stem ends in -ss, which absorbs the -st ending, so both du and er/sie/es come out as vergisst.

PersonFormIn a sentence
ichvergesseIch vergesse nichts.
duvergisstDu vergisst alles.
er / sie / esvergisstEr vergisst ihren Namen.
wirvergessenWir vergessen die Zeit.
ihrvergesstIhr vergesst die Tickets.
sie / SievergessenSie vergessen den Termin.

Watch the spelling carefully: du vergisst and er vergisst both have -ss- before -t, and ihr vergesst keeps the e (no i) because the e → i change touches only du and er/sie/es. For this verb class, see the e → i vowel change.

Ich vergesse ständig, wo ich meine Brille hingelegt habe.

I keep forgetting where I put my glasses. (informal)

Du vergisst doch nie ein Gesicht, oder?

You never forget a face, do you? (informal; note vergisst with -ss-)

Präteritum (simple past)

The strong past stem is vergaß (with ß in the singular; the plural forms write -ß- before the consonant ending too). The Präteritum is common in writing and storytelling.

PersonForm
ichvergaß
duvergaßt
er / sie / esvergaß
wirvergaßen
ihrvergaßt
sie / Sievergaßen

Vor lauter Aufregung vergaß er völlig, sich zu bedanken.

In all the excitement he completely forgot to say thank you. (Präteritum; vergessen zu + infinitive)

Perfekt (present perfect)

Built with the present of haben plus the participle vergessen — no ge-, and identical to the infinitive.

PersonForm
ichhabe vergessen
duhast vergessen
er / sie / eshat vergessen
wirhaben vergessen
ihrhabt vergessen
sie / Siehaben vergessen

Ich habe deinen Geburtstag völlig vergessen — es tut mir so leid!

I completely forgot your birthday — I'm so sorry! (informal; hat vergessen, no ge-)

Mist, ich habe vergessen, das Licht auszumachen.

Damn, I forgot to turn off the light. (informal; vergessen zu/auszumachen)

Futur I (future)

Formed with werden + the infinitive vergessen.

PersonForm
ichwerde vergessen
duwirst vergessen
er / sie / eswird vergessen
wirwerden vergessen
ihrwerdet vergessen
sie / Siewerden vergessen

Diesen Moment werde ich nie vergessen.

I'll never forget this moment. (a heartfelt set phrase)

Imperativ (commands)

The imperative du-form takes the e → i change, just like the present: vergiss.

AddresseeForm
duVergiss!
ihrVergesst!
SieVergessen Sie!

Vergiss nicht, den Schlüssel mitzunehmen!

Don't forget to take the key! (informal du-command; vergiss with -i-)

Vergessen Sie bitte nicht, das Formular zu unterschreiben.

Please don't forget to sign the form. (formal Sie-command)

Konjunktiv II (would / hypothetical)

The synthetic Konjunktiv II umlauts the past stem vergaß → vergaß-vergäße. This synthetic form is alive and reasonably common; the würde-form (würde vergessen) also works.

PersonSyntheticwürde-form
ichvergäßewürde vergessen
duvergäßestwürdest vergessen
er / sie / esvergäßewürde vergessen
wirvergäßenwürden vergessen
ihrvergäßetwürdet vergessen
sie / Sievergäßenwürden vergessen

Ohne meine Notizen vergäße ich die Hälfte der Termine.

Without my notes I'd forget half my appointments. (synthetic Konjunktiv II vergäße)

Government: accusative, or zu-infinitive

Vergessen is transitive and takes a direct object in the accusative — the thing you forget. To say you forgot to do something, German uses a zu-infinitive (a clause), exactly where English uses "to."

Ich habe den Regenschirm im Zug vergessen.

I left my umbrella on the train. (accusative object; 'forgot/left behind')

Sie hat vergessen, mir Bescheid zu sagen.

She forgot to let me know. (vergessen + zu-infinitive)

A subtlety English misses: when vergessen means "leave something behind in a place," German speakers in everyday speech often prefer the more precise verb liegen lassen / stehen lassen (Ich habe den Schirm im Zug liegen lassen), though vergessen is perfectly acceptable too.

vergessen vs. (sich) erinnern

The opposite of forgetting is sich erinnern an + accusative ("to remember"), which is reflexive and takes a preposition — a structure quite unlike English. Don't model vergessen on it: vergessen is plain transitive with no reflexive pronoun and no preposition. See erinnern.

Ich erinnere mich nicht mehr an seinen Namen — ich habe ihn vergessen.

I don't remember his name anymore — I've forgotten it. (contrast: erinnern is reflexive + an; vergessen is plain transitive)

Common Mistakes

❌ Ich habe gestern den Termin gevergessen.

Incorrect — vergessen is an inseparable verb and takes no ge-; the participle is just vergessen.

✅ Ich habe gestern den Termin vergessen.

I forgot the appointment yesterday.

❌ Du vergisstest immer alles.

Incorrect — the du present is vergisst, and the past is vergaßt; vergisstest is not a form.

✅ Du vergisst immer alles.

You always forget everything.

❌ Vergesse nicht, mich anzurufen!

i change: vergiss." /

✅ Vergiss nicht, mich anzurufen!

Don't forget to call me!

❌ Ich habe vergessen anzurufen dich.

Incorrect — the object stays inside the zu-clause: 'Ich habe vergessen, dich anzurufen.'

✅ Ich habe vergessen, dich anzurufen.

I forgot to call you.

❌ Ich vergesse mich an den Termin.

Incorrect — that mixes vergessen with the structure of sich erinnern an; vergessen is plain transitive: 'Ich vergesse den Termin.'

✅ Ich vergesse den Termin.

I'll forget the appointment.

Key Takeaways

  • Principal parts: vergessen – vergaß – hat vergessen (Perfekt with haben).
  • It is inseparable: the prefix never detaches and the participle takes no ge- (just vergessen).
  • Present has the e → i change: du and er/sie/es are both vergisst (with -ss-).
  • The imperative du-form is vergiss; the past stem keeps ß (vergaß).
  • It is plain transitive (accusative) or takes a zu-infinitive — never reflexive like sich erinnern an.

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Related Topics

  • Inseparable Prefix VerbsA2The eight prefixes that never split, never take ge-, and are stressed on the stem: be-, emp-, ent-, er-, ge-, miss-, ver-, zer-.
  • Present Tense: Strong Verbs with e to i / ieA2How strong verbs change their stem vowel from e to i or ie in the du and er/sie/es forms only.
  • Past Participles of Strong Verbs (ge-...-en)A2How strong German verbs form their past participle with ge-...-en and a changed stem vowel, grouped by ablaut series.
  • The zu-InfinitiveB1When German uses zu + infinitive at the end of a clause, when it doesn't (modals and perception verbs take a bare infinitive), and where zu goes inside separable verbs.
  • sich erinnern: Full Conjugation and UsageB2Complete conjugation of the reflexive verb sich erinnern 'to remember', with the accusative reflexive pronoun, sich erinnern an + accusative, the non-reflexive 'remind' pattern, and the errors English speakers make.
  • Separable Verb ErrorsB1The four classic separable-verb mistakes — not splitting the prefix, wrong participle, misplaced zu, and wrong auxiliary — all trace back to one idea: the verb wraps around the clause.