Hebben (to have) — Full Conjugation

Hebben ("to have") is one of the two pillars of Dutch verb grammar. On its own it means to possess, and it powers a whole family of idioms about physical and emotional states (honger hebben, "to be hungry"). But its biggest job is structural: hebben is the default perfect auxiliary, the helping verb behind the perfect tense of the overwhelming majority of Dutch verbs. Because of that, its forms — heb, hebt, heeft, had, gehad — are not just one verb's paradigm but the scaffolding under thousands of sentences. Learn them cold. (For the everyday usage tour, see the companion page Hebben: To Have.)

Principal parts

InfinitiveSimple past (sg.)Past participlePerfect auxiliary
hebbenhadgehadhebben

Classification: irregular. Hebben is historically a weak verb (its past had and participle gehad both use the dental -d- of weak verbs), but its stem is irregular: the present tense alternates between heb- and hee-, and the -t of the jij/hij forms attaches in irregular ways. Treat the whole paradigm as something to memorise.

Present tense

Four distinct forms across the six persons. Note especially the third-person singular heeft, which loses the b and lengthens the vowel.

PersonFormEnglish
ikhebI have
jij / jehebtyou have
uhebt / heeftyou have (formal)
hij / zij / hetheefthe / she / it has
wij / wehebbenwe have
julliehebbenyou (pl.) have
zij / zehebbenthey have

The skeleton: heb for ik, hebt for jij, heeft for hij/zij/het, and hebben for all plurals. Formal u takes either hebt or heeft — both are correct and common (U hebt gelijk / U heeft gelijk).

When jij follows the verb (in a question or after a fronted word), hebt drops the -t: heb jij?, heb je? — exactly like other verbs, and exactly like ben jij. Compare je hebtheb je?.

Heb je een momentje voor me?

Do you have a moment for me? Inverted 'je' — the form is 'heb', not 'hebt'.

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Watch the spelling vs sound of heb. Dutch devoices final consonants, so heb is pronounced "hep" — the b hardens to a [p] at the end of the word. The spelling keeps the b (it returns in hebben, where a vowel follows), but the sound is a clean voiceless stop.

Simple past: had and hadden

The past splits cleanly by number — singular had, plural hadden. This is the regular weak pattern (stem + -dehad, with the doubled consonant in the plural), and it is fully predictable.

PersonPast form
ik / jij / u / hij / zij / hethad
wij / jullie / zij (pl.)hadden

The perfect: ik heb gehad

The perfect of hebben uses hebben itself as the auxiliary, plus the participle gehad. So "I have had" is ik heb gehadhebben helping hebben, just as zijn helps zijn.

PersonPerfectEnglish
ikheb gehadI have had
jij / uhebt gehadyou have had
hij / zij / hetheeft gehadhe/she/it has had
wij / jullie / zijhebben gehadwe/you/they have had

Imperative

The imperative is the bare stem heb, used mainly in fixed encouragements rather than literal commands to possess something.

FormUseEnglish
Heb!singular / general stemHave!
Heb geduld.everyday phraseBe patient (lit. 'have patience').
Heb medelijden.elevatedHave mercy / take pity.

The default perfect auxiliary — why these forms recur everywhere

The reason hebben matters out of all proportion to its meaning: nearly every Dutch verb forms its perfect with hebben, not zijn. Ik heb gewerkt, je hebt gegeten, hij heeft geslapen — in all of these, the visible "have" forms are exactly heb / hebt / heeft / hebben / had / hadden. So mastering this paradigm gives you the engine for thousands of perfect-tense sentences at once.

Ik heb de hele dag gewerkt.

I've worked all day. 'hebben' as the perfect auxiliary of werken — 'heb ... gewerkt'.

Three model sentences

These cover hebben's main jobs: literal possession, a state idiom, and the perfect of hebben itself.

Wij hebben een nieuwe auto.

We have a new car. Literal possession — plural 'hebben'.

Ik heb honger, zullen we wat eten?

I'm hungry, shall we eat something? State idiom: Dutch 'honger hebben' (have hunger) = English 'be hungry'.

Dat heb ik nog nooit gehad.

I've never had that before. The perfect of hebben itself — 'heb ... gehad'.

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A whole family of states that English builds with be, Dutch builds with hebben: honger hebben (be hungry), dorst hebben (be thirsty), gelijk hebben (be right), het koud hebben (be cold). Reach for hebben, not zijn, for these.

Common Mistakes

❌ Hij hebt een hond.

Incorrect — the third-person singular is 'heeft', not 'hebt'.

✅ Hij heeft een hond.

He has a dog.

❌ Jij heeft gelijk.

Incorrect — 'heeft' is the hij/zij/het form. With 'jij' use 'hebt'.

✅ Jij hebt gelijk.

You're right.

❌ Hebt jij een pen?

Incorrect — when 'jij' follows the verb, the -t drops: 'Heb jij een pen?'

✅ Heb jij een pen?

Do you have a pen?

❌ Ik ben honger.

Incorrect — hunger is a state built with hebben in Dutch, not zijn: 'Ik heb honger.'

✅ Ik heb honger.

I'm hungry.

❌ Wij had geen tijd.

Incorrect — the plural past is 'hadden', not 'had'.

✅ Wij hadden geen tijd.

We didn't have time.

Key Takeaways

  • Present: ik heb, jij hebt, hij/zij/het heeft, wij/jullie/zij hebben — note the vowel-changing heeft.
  • Inversion: jij drops the -t (heb jij?). Final b in heb is pronounced [p] ("hep") by devoicing.
  • Past: singular had, plural hadden, a regular weak split.
  • Perfect: ik heb gehadhebben helping itself.
  • Hebben is the default perfect auxiliary, so heb/hebt/heeft/had recur under thousands of perfect-tense verbs; and many English be-states use Dutch hebben (ik heb honger).

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Related Topics

  • Hebben: To HaveA1The second pillar verb — irregular present (heb, hebt, heeft, hebben), the default perfect auxiliary (ik heb gegeten), and the source of a whole family of idioms where English uses 'be' (Ik heb honger).
  • Zijn (to be) — Full ConjugationA1The complete paradigm of zijn (to be): present, simple past (was/waren), the perfect built with zijn itself (ik ben geweest), imperative, and participle — Dutch's most irregular and most essential verb.
  • Verb Reference: How to Use These TablesA2A guide to reading the verb-reference pages: what each conjugation table shows (present, simple past, perfect with its auxiliary, participle), how strong/weak/mixed verbs are labelled, why the auxiliary is flagged, and which verbs to master first.
  • Strong and Irregular Verbs: Master Reference TableB2A single scannable reference table of the most common Dutch strong, irregular, and mixed verbs — infinitive, simple past (singular and plural), past participle, auxiliary, and English — grouped by ablaut pattern so the regularities behind the irregulars become visible.
  • The Perfect Tense (Voltooid Tegenwoordige Tijd)A2The perfect — present of hebben/zijn plus a past participle sent to the end of the clause — is the everyday way Dutch talks about the past in speech, used far more freely than the English present perfect.