Hebben (to have) — Full Conjugation

Hebben ("to have") is one of the two pillars of Dutch verb grammar. On its own it means to possess, and it powers a whole family of idioms about physical and emotional states (honger hebben, "to be hungry"). But its biggest job is structural: hebben is the default perfect auxiliary, the helping verb behind the perfect tense of the overwhelming majority of Dutch verbs. Because of that, its forms — heb, hebt, heeft, had, gehad — are not just one verb's paradigm but the scaffolding under thousands of sentences. Learn them cold. (For the everyday usage tour, see the companion page Hebben: To Have.)

Principal parts

InfinitiveSimple past (sg.)Past participlePerfect auxiliary
hebbenhadgehadhebben

Classification: irregular. Hebben is historically a weak verb (its past had and participle gehad both use the dental -d- of weak verbs), but its stem is irregular: the present tense alternates between heb- and hee-, and the -t of the jij/hij forms attaches in irregular ways. Treat the whole paradigm as something to memorise.

Present tense

Four distinct forms across the six persons. Note especially the third-person singular heeft, which loses the b and lengthens the vowel.

PersonFormEnglish
ikhebI have
jij / jehebtyou have
uhebt / heeftyou have (formal)
hij / zij / hetheefthe / she / it has
wij / wehebbenwe have
julliehebbenyou (pl.) have
zij / zehebbenthey have

The skeleton: heb for ik, hebt for jij, heeft for hij/zij/het, and hebben for all plurals. Formal u takes either hebt or heeft — both are correct and common (U hebt gelijk / U heeft gelijk).

When jij follows the verb (in a question or after a fronted word), hebt drops the -t: heb jij?, heb je? — exactly like other verbs, and exactly like ben jij. Compare je hebt → heb je?.

Heb je een momentje voor me?

Do you have a moment for me? Inverted 'je' — the form is 'heb', not 'hebt'.

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Watch the spelling vs sound of heb. Dutch devoices final consonants, so heb is pronounced "hep" — the b hardens to a [p] at the end of the word. The spelling keeps the b (it returns in hebben, where a vowel follows), but the sound is a clean voiceless stop.

Simple past: had and hadden

The past splits cleanly by number — singular had, plural hadden. This is the regular weak pattern (stem + -de → had, with the doubled consonant in the plural), and it is fully predictable.

PersonPast form
ik / jij / u / hij / zij / hethad
wij / jullie / zij (pl.)hadden

The perfect: ik heb gehad

The perfect of hebben uses hebben itself as the auxiliary, plus the participle gehad. So "I have had" is ik heb gehad — hebben helping hebben, just as zijn helps zijn.

PersonPerfectEnglish
ikheb gehadI have had
jij / uhebt gehadyou have had
hij / zij / hetheeft gehadhe/she/it has had
wij / jullie / zijhebben gehadwe/you/they have had

Imperative

The imperative is the bare stem heb, used mainly in fixed encouragements rather than literal commands to possess something.

FormUseEnglish
Heb!singular / general stemHave!
Heb geduld.everyday phraseBe patient (lit. 'have patience').
Heb medelijden.elevatedHave mercy / take pity.

The default perfect auxiliary — why these forms recur everywhere

The reason hebben matters out of all proportion to its meaning: nearly every Dutch verb forms its perfect with hebben, not zijn. Ik heb gewerkt, je hebt gegeten, hij heeft geslapen — in all of these, the visible "have" forms are exactly heb / hebt / heeft / hebben / had / hadden. So mastering this paradigm gives you the engine for thousands of perfect-tense sentences at once.

Ik heb de hele dag gewerkt.

I've worked all day. 'hebben' as the perfect auxiliary of werken — 'heb ... gewerkt'.

Three model sentences

These cover hebben's main jobs: literal possession, a state idiom, and the perfect of hebben itself.

Wij hebben een nieuwe auto.

We have a new car. Literal possession — plural 'hebben'.

Ik heb honger, zullen we wat eten?

I'm hungry, shall we eat something? State idiom: Dutch 'honger hebben' (have hunger) = English 'be hungry'.

Dat heb ik nog nooit gehad.

I've never had that before. The perfect of hebben itself — 'heb ... gehad'.

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A whole family of states that English builds with be, Dutch builds with hebben: honger hebben (be hungry), dorst hebben (be thirsty), gelijk hebben (be right), het koud hebben (be cold). Reach for hebben, not zijn, for these.

Common Mistakes

❌ Hij hebt een hond.

Incorrect — the third-person singular is 'heeft', not 'hebt'.

✅ Hij heeft een hond.

He has a dog.

❌ Jij heeft gelijk.

Incorrect — 'heeft' is the hij/zij/het form. With 'jij' use 'hebt'.

✅ Jij hebt gelijk.

You're right.

❌ Hebt jij een pen?

Incorrect — when 'jij' follows the verb, the -t drops: 'Heb jij een pen?'

✅ Heb jij een pen?

Do you have a pen?

❌ Ik ben honger.

Incorrect — hunger is a state built with hebben in Dutch, not zijn: 'Ik heb honger.'

✅ Ik heb honger.

I'm hungry.

❌ Wij had geen tijd.

Incorrect — the plural past is 'hadden', not 'had'.

✅ Wij hadden geen tijd.

We didn't have time.

Key Takeaways

  • Present: ik heb, jij hebt, hij/zij/het heeft, wij/jullie/zij hebben — note the vowel-changing heeft.
  • Inversion: jij drops the -t (heb jij?). Final b in heb is pronounced [p] ("hep") by devoicing.
  • Past: singular had, plural hadden, a regular weak split.
  • Perfect: ik heb gehad — hebben helping itself.
  • Hebben is the default perfect auxiliary, so heb/hebt/heeft/had recur under thousands of perfect-tense verbs; and many English be-states use Dutch hebben (ik heb honger).

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Related Topics

  • Hebben: To HaveA1 — The second pillar verb — irregular present (heb, hebt, heeft, hebben), the default perfect auxiliary (ik heb gegeten), and the source of a whole family of idioms where English uses 'be' (Ik heb honger).
  • Zijn (to be) — Full ConjugationA1 — The complete paradigm of zijn (to be): present, simple past (was/waren), the perfect built with zijn itself (ik ben geweest), imperative, and participle — Dutch's most irregular and most essential verb.
  • Verb Reference: How to Use These TablesA2 — A guide to reading the verb-reference pages: what each conjugation table shows (present, simple past, perfect with its auxiliary, participle), how strong/weak/mixed verbs are labelled, why the auxiliary is flagged, and which verbs to master first.
  • Strong and Irregular Verbs: Master Reference TableB2 — A single scannable reference table of the most common Dutch strong, irregular, and mixed verbs — infinitive, simple past (singular and plural), past participle, auxiliary, and English — grouped by ablaut pattern so the regularities behind the irregulars become visible.
  • The Perfect Tense (Voltooid Tegenwoordige Tijd)A2 — The perfect — present of hebben/zijn plus a past participle sent to the end of the clause — is the everyday way Dutch talks about the past in speech, used far more freely than the English present perfect.