Incloure means “to include, incorporate, count as part of a set.” It is common in prices, schedules, lists, reports, applications, and descriptions of what a service covers: La tarifa inclou l'esmorzar. The included element is a direct object; the containing set or destination can be introduced by a, en, or dins de, according to how that relation is construed.
The verb belongs to the second-conjugation cloure family, not the third conjugation. Its principal parts are incloc – incloïa – incloguí – inclouré – inclogui – inclogués – inclòs. Spanish incluir and English “include” invite several false forms, but Catalan consistently retains -cloure and the irregular participle inclòs.
Nonfinite forms
| Form | Catalan | English guide |
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | incloure | to include |
| Perfect infinitive | haver inclòs | to have included |
| Gerund | incloent | including |
| Perfect gerund | havent inclòs | having included |
| Participle | inclòs; inclosa, inclosos, incloses | included |
The gerund is incloent. The sequence incloent-hi is especially useful when hi resumes the set or package: Hi ha deu tallers, incloent-hi el de ceràmica. In compound tenses, inclòs is normally invariable: les activitats que hem inclòs. It agrees when adjectival or passive: taxes incloses; documentació inclosa. Only masculine singular inclòs bears the grave accent.
Indicative: simple and periphrastic tenses
| Tense | jo | tu | ell / ella / vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres | ells / elles / vostès |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present | incloc | inclous | inclou | incloem | incloeu | inclouen |
| Imperfect | incloïa | incloïes | incloïa | incloíem | incloíeu | incloïen |
| Periphrastic past | vaig incloure | vas incloure | va incloure | vam incloure | vau incloure | van incloure |
| Simple past | incloguí | inclogueres | inclogué | incloguérem | incloguéreu | inclogueren |
| Future | inclouré | inclouràs | inclourà | inclourem | incloureu | inclouran |
| Conditional | inclouria | inclouries | inclouria | inclouríem | inclouríeu | inclourien |
The hiatus in incloïa, incloïes, incloïen needs a diaeresis; in incloíem, incloíeu, the written acute accent already marks the syllable boundary. Present inclou is both third-person singular and familiar singular imperative. The synthetic past incloguí... is mainly (formal/literary) in Central Catalan, whereas vaig incloure... is the neutral conversational past.
El preu inclou l'allotjament, l'esmorzar i l'accés a la piscina.
The price includes accommodation, breakfast, and access to the pool.
Vaig incloure una còpia del rebut al missatge que et vaig enviar.
I included a copy of the receipt in the message I sent you.
La primera versió no incloïa cap mapa de la ruta.
The first version did not include a map of the route.
A la pròxima edició inclourem un capítol sobre arquitectura industrial.
In the next edition, we will include a chapter on industrial architecture.
Indicative compound tenses
| Tense | jo | tu | ell / ella / vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres | ells / elles / vostès |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present perfect | he inclòs | has inclòs | ha inclòs | hem inclòs | heu inclòs | han inclòs |
| Pluperfect | havia inclòs | havies inclòs | havia inclòs | havíem inclòs | havíeu inclòs | havien inclòs |
| Past anterior | haguí inclòs | hagueres inclòs | hagué inclòs | haguérem inclòs | haguéreu inclòs | hagueren inclòs |
| Future perfect | hauré inclòs | hauràs inclòs | haurà inclòs | haurem inclòs | haureu inclòs | hauran inclòs |
| Conditional perfect | hauria inclòs | hauries inclòs | hauria inclòs | hauríem inclòs | hauríeu inclòs | haurien inclòs |
All perfects use haver + inclòs. The compound participle does not agree with a preceding object in the default modern construction: les factures que he inclòs. The past anterior is (formal/literary); its periphrastic counterpart is vaig/vas/va/vam/vau/van haver inclòs.
Hem inclòs les vostres observacions en la versió definitiva del conveni.
We have included your comments in the final version of the agreement.
Jo hi hauria inclòs també una partida per a manteniment.
I would also have included a budget line for maintenance in it.
Subjunctive and imperative
| Tense | jo | tu | ell / ella / vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres | ells / elles / vostès |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present | inclogui | incloguis | inclogui | incloguem | inclogueu | incloguin |
| Imperfect | inclogués | incloguessis | inclogués | incloguéssim | incloguéssiu | incloguessin |
| Present perfect | hagi inclòs | hagis inclòs | hagi inclòs | hàgim inclòs | hàgiu inclòs | hagin inclòs |
| Pluperfect | hagués inclòs | haguessis inclòs | hagués inclòs | haguéssim inclòs | haguéssiu inclòs | haguessin inclòs |
| Addressee | Affirmative | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| tu | inclou | no incloguis |
| vostè | inclogui | no inclogui |
| nosaltres | incloguem | no incloguem |
| vosaltres | incloeu | no inclogueu |
| vostès | incloguin | no incloguin |
Present and imperfect subjunctive consistently use inclogu-. Three periphrastic series complete the reference:
| Periphrastic tense | jo | tu | ell / ella / vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres | ells / elles / vostès |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative past anterior | vaig haver inclòs | vas haver inclòs | va haver inclòs | vam haver inclòs | vau haver inclòs | van haver inclòs |
| Subjunctive past | vagi incloure | vagis incloure | vagi incloure | vàgim incloure | vàgiu incloure | vagin incloure |
| Subjunctive past anterior | vagi haver inclòs | vagis haver inclòs | vagi haver inclòs | vàgim haver inclòs | vàgiu haver inclòs | vagin haver inclòs |
The subjunctive rows are (very rare/formal). Direct-object pronouns attach after affirmative commands but precede negative ones.
Volem que inclogueu el pressupost desglossat abans dels annexos.
We want you to include the itemized budget before the appendices.
Aquest gràfic és essencial: inclou-lo a la presentació final.
This chart is essential: include it in the final presentation.
Si hi haguéssim inclòs les despeses d'enviament, el total seria correcte.
If we had included the shipping costs in it, the total would be correct.
Objects, sets, and pronominal patterns
The ordinary frame is incloure X a/en/dins de Y: X is the direct object and Y is the set, document, price, or group. A readily presents Y as a destination or resulting membership (incloure algú a la llista), while en/dins de presents it as a containing set or space (incloure una nota en l'informe). Incloure X entre Y places X among named members. A human direct object does not automatically take Spanish-style personal a: Han inclòs la Núria a l'equip, not han inclòs a la Núria in the neutral pattern.
El jurat va incloure la novel·la entre les cinc finalistes del premi.
The jury included the novel among the five finalists for the prize.
Weak hi can stand for the containing set: No hi incloguis dades personals. Partitive en can replace an indefinite quantity: Quants exemples inclou? N'inclou sis. Passive-like se is also common: Les begudes no s'inclouen en el menú. These clitics have syntactic work to do; they do not make incloure's a free alternative citation form.
—Quants tallers inclou el programa? —N'inclou sis, i tots són gratuïts.
—How many workshops does the program include? —It includes six, and all of them are free.
En aquesta tarifa no s'hi inclouen les begudes ni l'aparcament.
Drinks and parking are not included in this rate.
Incloure presents something as a member or covered component. Afegir emphasizes adding a new item; contenir emphasizes what is inside something; comprendre can describe the extent or components of a whole and is more formal in some uses. Thus afegeix una nota focuses on the action of adding it, while el dossier inclou una nota describes the dossier's composition.
(Regional: Valencian) has present subjunctive incloga, inclogues, incloga, incloguem, inclogueu, incloguen and imperfect incloguera.... Central inclogui / inclogués is the baseline. The core forms incloc, incloïa, incloent, and inclòs are common to the principal standards.
Common Mistakes
❌ La quota inclueix totes les activitats del trimestre.
Incorrect—incloure is not an incoative verb; the present form is inclou.
✅ La quota inclou totes les activitats del trimestre.
The fee includes all the term's activities.
❌ Ja hem incluït els nous horaris al web.
Incorrect—the participle is inclòs, not incluït.
✅ Ja hem inclòs els nous horaris al web.
We have already included the new schedules on the website.
❌ El paquet incloia una visita guiada al jaciment.
Incorrect—the hiatus in incloïa requires a diaeresis.
✅ El paquet incloïa una visita guiada al jaciment.
The package included a guided tour of the archaeological site.
❌ Han inclòs a l'Oriol a la llista de suplents.
Incorrect in the neutral standard pattern—the human direct object l'Oriol does not take a personal a; the destination a la llista is standard.
✅ Han inclòs l'Oriol a la llista de suplents.
They have included Oriol on the reserve list.
❌ M'he inclòs una assegurança addicional en la reserva.
Incorrect for ‘I included’—ordinary transitive incloure does not take a reflexive pronoun.
✅ He inclòs una assegurança addicional en la reserva.
I included additional insurance in the booking.
Key Takeaways
Build the paradigm from incloc, incloïa, inclogu-, inclour- and inclòs. Treat X as the direct object in incloure X a/en Y, and do not import a general personal a. Clitics such as hi, en, and se represent a location, quantity, or passive perspective; they are not arbitrary decorations. Use afegir when addition, rather than membership or coverage, is the main idea.
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