| Nominativ particle after vowel (ga) | 가 |
| Nominativ particle after vowel | 가 |
| bag (ga-bang) | 가방 |
| bag | 가방 |
| The bag (Nom.) is under the chair.(ga-bang-i ui-ja mit-e iss-eo-yo.) | 가방이 의자 밑에 있어요. |
| It's a bag. (informal) (ga-bang i-e-yo) | 가방이에요 |
| It's a bag. (informal) | 가방이에요. |
| It is a bag. (formal) (ga-bang ib-ni-da) | 가방입니다. |
| It is a bag. (formal) | 가방입니다. |
| dog (gae) | 개 |
| dog + Nominativ marker (gae-ga) | 개가 |
| The dog (Nom.) is on the chair.(gae-ga ui-ja wi-e iss-eo-yo. | 개가 의자 위에 있어요. |
| The dog is in front of the house. (Gae-ga jib ap-e iss-seub-ni-da.) (formal polite) | 개가 집 앞에 있습니다. |
| The dog is in front of the house. (Gae-ga jib ap-e iss-eo-yo.) (informal polite) | 개가 집 앞에 있어요. |
| winter (gyeo-ul) | 겨울 |
| in winter (gyeo-ul-e) | 겨울에 |
| There are butterflies (Nom.) in winter. (gyeo-ul-e na-bi-ga iss-eo-yo) | 겨울에 나비가 있어요. |
| cat (go-yang-i) | 고양이 |
| cat +Nom. marker (go-yang-i-ga) | 고양이가 |
| The cat (Nom. ) is on the desk. (go-yang-i-ga chaeg-sang wi-e iss-eo-yo.) | 고양이가 책상 위에있어요. |
| shoes (gu-du) | 구두 |
| Shoes + nom. marker (gu-du-ga) | 구두가 |
| The shoes are under the bed. (gu-du-ga chim-dae mit-e iss-seub-ni-da.) | 구두가 침대 밑에 있습니다. |
| that (used when the object is nearby the listener) ( geu-geot /s at word end pronounced t) | 그것 |
| that | 그것 |
| that + topic marker (geu-geos-eun) | 그것은 |
| that + topic marker | 그것은 |
| That is not a pencil. (geu-geos-eun yom-pil-i a-ni-da.) | 그것은 연필이 아니다. |
| That is not a pencil. | 그것은 연필이 아니다. |
| That is not a chair. (geu-geos-eun ui-ja-ga a-ni-da.) | 그것은 의자가 아니다. |
| That (topic) is not a chair(subject - nom) | 그것은 의자가 아니다. |
| butterfly (nabi) | 나비 |
| butterfly | 나비 |
| It's a butterfly. | 나비 예요. |
| The butterfly is on the apple. (na-bi-ga sa-gwa wi-e iss-eo-yo.) | 나비가 사과 위에 있어요. |
| It's a butterfly. (nabi yeyo) | 나비예요. |
| It is a butterfly. (formal) (Nabi ibnida) | 나비입니다. |
| It is a butterfly. | 나비입니다. |
| It is a butterfly. (formal) (Na-bi ib-ni-da) | 나비입니다. |
| It is a butterfly. (formal) | 나비입니다. |
| the weather (nal-ssi) | 날씨 |
| the weather | 날씨 |
| the weather +Nom. particle (nal-ssi-ga) | 날씨가 |
| the weather +Nom. particle | 날씨가 |
| The weather is good. (nal-ssi-ga joh-a-yo) | 날씨가 좋아요. |
| The weather is good. | 날씨가 좋아요. |
| snow (nun) | 눈 |
| snow + Nom. part. (nun-i) | 눈이 |
| It is snowing. (lit. Snow is coming.) (Nun-i wa-yo.) | 눈이 와요. |
| topic particle after vowel (neun) - The topic marker marks the word of the sentence, that we are describing e.g. 'This is an apple.' We are talking about what 'this' is like, if it is big, or red, if it is an apple or sthg else... so 'this' is our topic. | 는 |
| what (formal) (mw-eos) (s silent when no vowel follows) | 무엇 |
| what (formal) | 무엇 |
| What is it? (formal) (mw-eos ibnigga) | 무엇입니까 ? |
| What is it? (formal) | 무엇입니까 ? |
| what (mwo) | 뭐 |
| what | 뭐 |
| What is it? | 뭐 예요 ? |
| What is it? (mwo yeyo) | 뭐예요 ? |
| under (mit-e) | 밑에 |
| backpack (baenang) | 배낭 |
| backpack +Nom. marker (bae-bang-i) | 배낭이 |
| The backpack is in front of the desk.(informal polite) (bae-nang-i chaeg-sang ap-e iss-eo-yo.). | 배낭이 책상 앞에 있어요. |
| apple (sa-gwa) | 사과 |
| apple | 사과 |
| It's an apple. | 사과 예요. |
| The apple(Nom.) is on the chair. (sa-gwa-ga ui-ja wi-e iss-eo-yo.) | 사과가 의자 위에 있어요. |
| It's an apple. (sagwa yeyo) | 사과예요. |
| It is an apple. (formal) (Sa-gwa ibnida) | 사과입니다. |
| It is an apple. (formal) | 사과입니다. |
| It is an apple. (formal) (Sa-gwa ib-ni-da) | 사과입니다. |
| It is an apple. (formal) | 사과입니다. |
| person /man (sa-ram) | 사람 |
| person /man + Nom. Part. (sa-ram-i) | 사람이 |
| it is not (anida) | 아니다 |
| it is not | 아니다 |
| child (a - i) | 아이 |
| child | 아이 |
| child + Nom. particle (a-i-ga) | 아이가 |
| child + Nom. particle | 아이가 |
| A child is going. (a-i-ga ga-yo) | 아이가 가요. |
| A child is going. | 아이가 가요. |
| A child is coming.(a-i-ga wa-yo) | 아이가 와요. |
| A child is coming. | 아이가 와요. |
| in front of (ap-e) | 앞에 |
| mother (eomeoni) | 어머니 |
| mother | 어머니 |
| It's a mother. | 어머니 예요. |
| It's a mother. (eomeoni yeyo) | 어머니예요 |
| It is a mother. (formal) | 어머니입니다 |
| It is a mother. (formal)(eomeoni ibnida) | 어머니입니다. |
| It is a mother. (formal)(eo-meo-ni ib-ni-da) | 어머니입니다. |
| It is a mother. (formal) | 어머니입니다. |
| pencil (yeon-pil) | 연필 |
| pencil | 연필 |
| The pencil (Nom.) is (situated) on the desk. (inf. pol) (yeon-pil-i chaeg-sang wi-e iss-eo-yo.) | 연필이 책상 위에 있어요. |
| It's a pencil. (informal) (yeon-pil i-e-yo) | 연필이에요 |
| It's a pencil. (informal) | 연필이에요 |
| it's (short form) (yeyo) | 예요 |
| it's (short form) | 예요 |
| It is a pencil. (formal) (yeon-pil ib-ni-da) | 옌필입니다. |
| It is a pencil. (formal) | 옌필입니다. |
| to come (o-da) | 오다 |
| to come | 오다 |
| is coming (wa-yo) | 와요 |
| is coming | 와요 |
| on top of / on (wi-e) | 위에 |
| topic marker after consonant (eun) | 은 |
| chair (uija) | 의자 |
| chair | 의자 |
| on top of the chair (ui-ja wi-e) | 의자 위에 |
| It's a chair. (uija yeyo) | 의자예요. |
| It's a chair. | 의자예요. |
| It is a chair. (formal) (uija ibnida.) | 의자입니다. |
| It is a chair. (formal) | 의자입니다. |
| Nominativ particle - after consonant (i) | 이 |
| this (used when the object is nearby the speaker) (i-geot - s at word end = t) | 이것 |
| this | 이것 |
| this + topic marker (i-geos-eun) | 이것은 |
| this + topic marker | 이것은 |
| This (topic) is not an apple. (subject - nom) (i-geos-eun sa-gwa-ka a-ni-da.) | 이것은 사과가 아니다. |
| This (topic) is not an apple. (subject - nom) | 이것은 사과가 아니다. |
| is (after consonant /informal) (i-e-yo) | 이에요 |
| is (after consonant /informal) | 이에요 |
| is ? (formal) (ibnigga /pronounced imnigga) | 입니까 |
| is ? (formal) | 입니까 |
| is (formal) (ibnida pron. : imnida) | 입니다 |
| is (formal) | 입니다 |
| is situated /se trouve / befindet sich (formal polite) (iss-seub-ni-da) (b before m/n pronounced m- > iss-seum-ni-da) | 있습니다 |
| is situated /se trouve /there is /there are (informal polite) (iss-eo-yo) | 있어요 |
| that over there (used when the object is far from both speaker and listener) (jeo-geot /s at word end pronounced t) | 저것 |
| that over there | 저것 |
| that over there +topic marker (jeo-geos-eun) | 저것은 |
| that over there +topic marker | 저것은 |
| That over there is not a butterfly. (jeo-geos-eun na-bi-ga a_ni-da.) | 저것은 나비가 아니다. |
| That over there is not a butterfly.(subject - nom) | 저것은 나비가 아니다. |
| to be good (joh-da) | 좋다 |
| to be good | 좋다 |
| is good (joh-a-yo) | 좋아요 |
| is good | 좋아요 |
| mouse (jwi) | 쥐 |
| mouse +Nom. marker (jwi-ga) | 쥐가 |
| There is a mouse under the desk. /The mouse is under the desk. (jwi-ga chaeg-sang mit-e iss-eo-yo.) | 쥐가 책상 밑에 있어요. |
| A friend is going. | 진구가 가요. |
| jib (b at syllable end = p/except another vowel is following as e. g. jib ap-e) | 집 |
| in front of the house (jib ap-e) | 집 앞에 |
| book (chaeg) | 책 |
| desk (chaeg-sang) | 책상 |
| desk | 책상 |
| under the desk (chaeg-sang mit-e) | 책상 밑에 |
| on the desk | 책상 위에 |
| There is a computer on the desk. (Chaeg-sang wi-e keom-pyu-teo-ga iss-seub-ni-da. | 책상 위에 컴퓨터가 있습니다. |
| It's a desk. (informal) (chaeg-sang i-e-yo) | 책상이에요 |
| It's a desk. (informal) | 책상이에요 |
| It is a desk. (formal) (chaeg-sang ib-ni-da) | 책상입니다. |
| It is a desk. (formal) | 책상입니다. |
| The book (Nom.) is on the desk. (chaeg-i chaeg-sang wi-e iss-eo-yo.) | 책이 책상 위에 있어요. |
| friend (chin-gu) | 친구 |
| friend | 친구 |
| friend + Nom. particle (chin-gu-ga) | 친구가 |
| friend + Nom. particle | 친구가 |
| A friend is going. (chin-gu-ga ga-yo) | 친구가 가요. |
| A friend is coming. (chin-gu-ga wa-yo) | 친구가 와요. |
| A friend is coming. | 친구가 와요. |
| bed (chim-dae) | 침대 |
| computer (keom-pyu-teo) | 컴퓨터 |
| computer +Nom. marker (keompyuteo-ga) | 컴퓨터가 |
| The computer is on the desk. (Keom-pyu-teo-ga chaeg-sang wi-e iss-seub-ni-da. | 컴퓨터가 책상 위에 있습니다. |
| student (hag-saeng) | 학생 |
| student | 학생 |
| The/a student is going. (Hag-saeng-i ga-yo.) | 학생이 가요 . |
| The/a student is coming. (Hag-saeng-i wa-yo.) | 학생이 와요 |
| It's a student (informal) (hag-saeng i-ye-yo) | 학생이에요 |
| It's a student (informal) | 학생이에요. |
| It is a student. (formal) (hag-saeng ib-ni-da) | 학생입니다. |
| It is a student. (formal) | 학생입니다. |
| a korean + Nom. Part. (han-guk-sa-ram-i) | 한국사람이 |
| The /a korean is going. (Han-guk-sa-ram-i ga-yo.) | 한국사람이 가요. |
| the student | 헉 생 |
| the student + Nominativ particle (hag-saeng-i) | 헉생이 |