| Why was the camel important to trans-Saharan trade? | Its biological advantages made regular long-distance trade in the Sahara possible. Its obstinate nature makes it hard for handlers to control. It produces a fine wool that can be spun into luxurious textiles. Its milk is used to produce cheese, an important source of protein. |
| How did the widespread adoption of Islam help facilitate trans-Saharan trade? | by giving Muslim merchants, traders, and caravanners a shared set of customs, laws, traditions, and language by making the caravan trade the exclusive vocation of Tuareg Berber nomads by opening the markets of the pilgrimage route between Niani and Kilwa by causing conflict between dissident Muslim groups, thereby opening competing markets for new manufactured goods |
| In addition to gold and salt, what two other types of goods were regularly exported from Africa? | textiles and enslaved people obsidian and cobalt hides and cotton ivory and sugar |
| In the mid-fifteenth century, who purchased enslaved people from Mali on the Senegambia coast? | Portuguese French British Dutch |
| What were some of the key exports from Songhai? | kola nuts, salt, and gold hides, jewels, and enslaved people ceramics, cloth, and horses enslaved people, pottery, and weapons |
| What were Timbuktu and Djenné renowned as? | centers of Islamic learning and religious scholarship, as well as trans-Saharan trade centers of religious pilgrimage river port cities at the confluence of the Senegal and Gambia Rivers types of calligraphy used by Islamic clerics |
| What was the capital of the Songhai Empire? | Gao Kano Djenné Taghaza |
| Why didn’t the trading ports of the Swahili coast extend along the full length of the coast of Africa? | The seas there were too rough for the dhows and the monsoon winds too weak. Hostile tribes in the south kept merchants from establishing cities. Tropical diseases in the south made it too dangerous for people to live there. The southern part of the coast had been colonized by the French. |
| What trade item was produced in the Swahili city-states? | pottery glassware gold silverware |
| What was the source of most of the enslaved people who were traded on the Swahili coast? | the interior of the African continent Eastern Europe the Arabian Peninsula the Swahili city-states |
| Which Swahili city-state came to dominate the southern part of the coast, trading in gold with Sofala? | Kilwa Mogadishu Mombasa Zanzibar |
| The Kanem-Bornu Empire was able to maintain its control over the slave trade partly through military innovations, including weapons imported from _____. | North Africa Portugal the Slave Coast the Songhai Empire |
| By the eighteenth century, what was the main slave trading center on the West African coast? | Whydah Timbuktu Bornu Gao |
| Located in modern-day Ghana, ____ was a flourishing center of the ____ trade beginning in the sixteenth century. | Elmina, slave Benin, sugar Togo, salt São Tomé, copper |
