| What was the goal of scientific management? | to increase workers’ efficiency to raise workers’ pay to make factories safer to shorten the workday |
| How did assembly lines affect workers? | They made jobs boring and repetitious. They made workdays shorter. They provided greater protection from injury. They lowered pay. |
| What was an important result of electrifying the workplace? | It enabled factories to stay open later and people to work at night. It made jobs more dangerous by exposing workers to electrical currents. It provided better heating in the winter. It reduced the strength needed to perform certain tasks, creating more jobs for children. |
| How did married working-class women in western Europe commonly supplement the family’s income in the late nineteenth century? | They did piecework at home. They worked in mines. They taught school. They gave music lessons. |
| To what nineteenth-century event does the term “demographic transition” refer? | the decrease in family size the disappearance of skilled crafts the decrease in the age of first marriage the movement from rural areas to cities |
| What was an important medical innovation of the late nineteenth century? | x-rays the smallpox vaccine CAT scans the stethoscope |
| Which artistic style features impersonal depictions of characters compelled to behave in ways over which they have no control? | naturalism romanticism realism impressionism |
| What was the Great Stink? | a stench coming from the polluted River Thames that nearly disrupted British government the name given to the poorest neighborhood in Chicago a nickname that city dwellers gave to peasants recently arrived from the countryside a nickname for the Paris sewer system |
| What common disease of the period was caused by contaminated water? | cholera tuberculosis asthma syphilis |
| What innovation made nineteenth-century cities cleaner? | electric streetcars streetlights outhouses public water fountains |
| What were Selfridge’s, Le Bon Marché, and Matsuzakaya? | urban department stores famous saloons company towns built for miners newspapers |
| Which artistic and literary movement glorified nature, common people, exotic places, and the historical past? | romanticism modernism naturalism classicism |
| What was a common way in which contract laborers could fall into debt bondage? | buying goods at a store owned by the employer renting a home in a nearby city borrowing money from a friend running away |
| What was the katorga system? | a form of penal servitude in which criminals were sent to labor camps in Siberia a form of debt bondage used in Brazil a British system of contracting for passage to another country in exchange for labor the practice in French brothels of charging prostitutes for food and clothing so they always remained in debt |
| What was the primary reason contract laborers were taken to Hawaii? | grow sugarcane build railroads work in salt mines fish for abalone |
| Which country pressured others to end the slave trade? | Britain Canada the United States Germany |
| Other than criminals, what kinds of people often ended up in the Russian katorga? | political prisoners debtors alcoholics unfaithful partners |
| What was a negative result of the abolition of Russian serfdom? | Domestic serfs received no land and no longer had a place to live. Serfs were required to leave the farms on which they had always lived. Serfs were no longer entitled to food and clothing from their employer. Serfs were no longer protected from arrest by their employers when they committed crimes. |
| Why did Brazil attempt to attract European immigrants in the second half of the nineteenth century? | to make its population more White to employ them in factories to employ them in mines to have them establish schools and universities |
| Immigrant laborers from which country were completely excluded from the United States in 1882? | China Russia Germany Japan |
| What event caused many Chinese people to flee their country in the middle of the nineteenth century? | the Taiping Rebellion dust storms in Manchuria the fall of the Ming Dynasty a typhoon that struck Kowloon Island |
| What kinds of immigrants did Australia try to exclude in the early twentieth century? | non-Europeans Jewish people Irish people unskilled laborers |
| Jewish people fled the Russian empire in the late nineteenth century to escape poverty and _____. | anti-Semitic violence epidemic disease civil war famine |
| Which city was rebuilt by Baron Haussmann in the second half of the nineteenth century? | Paris Rome London Vienna |
| Which social movement was more successful in Protestant societies than in others? | temperance and prohibition housing reform anti-prostitution campaigns health insurance advocacy |
| What was Britain’s Alkali Act intended to do? | alleviate air pollution protect drinking water from contamination ensure that processed foods were safe to eat prevent cholera |
| Which country was the first to provide health insurance for workers? | Germany the United States France Russia |
| Which of the following was an important difference between socialist parties in Europe? | Some advocated revolution and some a more gradual democratic approach. Some parties accepted women and some did not. Some believed the bourgeoisie should be executed and others did not. Some supported workers’ rights and some did not. |
