| What made the Western Roman Empire more prone to societal disruption than the Eastern Roman Empire? | The West had a longer frontier and was less urbanized. The West had a larger population of Christians. Western cities were ruled exclusively by bishops. German kings rejected Christianity. |
| How did the Huns affect the migration of Germanic peoples? | They put pressure on the frontier, pushing people into Roman territory. They bribed the Visigoths to invade Italy and sack Rome. They forced the Vandals to attack the Saxons. They spread Christianity past the frontier of the empire. |
| What role did bishops play in Roman governance? | They participated in ecumenical councils and dominated local politics. They served in the Roman military. They instituted monetary reforms in periods of crisis. They collaborated with pagans in public education. |
| Through what means did the Sasanian kings rule their empire? | direct centralized control semiautonomous rulers in the eastern empire proxy governments, such as that of Armenia Zoroastrian priests controlling city governments |
| What regions did the Sasanians take from Byzantine control in the seventh century? | Syria and Palestine Italy and Spain Bactria and Armenia Yemen and Mesopotamia |
| How did the Sasanians and Byzantines practice cultural exchange? | They sent embassies to each other’s courts. They both participated in Christian ecumenical councils. They both refused to conduct trade with China. They attempted to invade Italy as a joint military force. |
| In what century did the Parthian Empire collapse? | the third century the first century the second century the fourth century |
| What body of water allowed Himyar and Aksum to conduct long-distance sea trade? | Red Sea Black Sea Danube River Caspian Sea |
| How did Christianity initially reach the kingdom of Aksum? | It was brought by the Syrian teacher Frumentius. It was introduced by violent ascetic monks. It was practiced by an embassy from the Byzantine court. It was spread by Jewish people from Himyar. |
| How did Aksumite and Himyarite leaders publicly express their religious devotion? | by creating inscriptions and building monuments to their faith by trading only with empires that shared their faith by forbidding nonbelievers to enter their territory by making Zoroastrianism the state religion |
| To what biblical figure was Aksum possibly connected? | Queen of Sheba King David Esther Moses |
| To what area was the Kushan Empire able to introduce Buddhism? | China Georgia Caspian Sea Uzbekistan |
| On what trade routes was Palmyra able to capitalize because of its location? | Silk Roads and Persian Gulf Caspian Sea and Danube Black Sea and Bosporus Aegean Sea and Cyprus |
| Of what event was Palmyra able to take advantage, to the detriment of the Kushan Empire? | third-century crisis fourth-century arrival of Christianity fifth-century monastic violence sixth-century Byzantine reconquest |
