Turkish

<p>The <strong>present continuous</strong> is used to describe an action that is currently going on. To form the present continuous of a verb, do the following:</p>

<ol>
	<li>Find the stem by dropping <strong>mEk</strong> from the end of the verb.</li>
	<li>If the last letter of the stem is a vowel, drop it.</li>
	<li>Add the ending for the present continuous, depending on the person who is performing the action.</li>
</ol>

<table class="ui celled definition table">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th></th>
			<th>Singular</th>
			<th>Plural</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>First person</td>
			<td>İyorum</td>
			<td>İyoruz</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Second person</td>
			<td>İyorsun</td>
			<td>İyorsunuz</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Third person</td>
			<td>İyor</td>
			<td>İyor(lar)</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p>
	The <strong>lar</strong> ending is optional for animate beings and is not used for objects.
	The <strong>lar</strong> ending is most often used when the subjects are humans.
</p>

<table class="ui celled table">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>The books are falling.</td>
			<td>Kitaplar düşüyor.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>The cats are falling.</td>
			<td>Kediler düşüyor(lar).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>The children are falling.</td>
			<td>Çocuklar düşüyor(lar).</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p>
	See the table below for a reminder of how to replace <strong>İ</strong> according to major vowel harmony.
</p>

<table class="ui celled table">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>If the last vowel after step 2 is</td>
			<td><strong>i</strong> or <strong>e</strong></td>
			<td><strong>ı</strong> or <strong>a</strong></td>
			<td><strong>u</strong> or <strong>o</strong></td>
			<td><strong>ü</strong> or <strong>ö</strong></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>replace İ by</td>
			<td><strong>i</strong></td>
			<td><strong>ı</strong></td>
			<td><strong>u</strong></td>
			<td><strong>ü</strong></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p>
	Below are some examples for creating the present continuous:
</p>

<table class="ui celled table">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>English</th>
			<th>Infinitive</th>
			<th>Stem</th>
			<th>Drop trailing vowel</th>
			<th>Personal ending</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>I am walking.</td>
			<td>yürümek</td>
			<td>yürü</td>
			<td>yür</td>
			<td>Yürüyorum.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>You are drinking.</td>
			<td>içmek</td>
			<td>iç</td>
			<td>iç</td>
			<td>İçiyorsun.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>She is saying.</td>
			<td>söylemek</td>
			<td>söyle</td>
			<td>söyl</td>
			<td>Söylüyor.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>We are selling.</td>
			<td>satmak</td>
			<td>sat</td>
			<td>sat</td>
			<td>Satıyoruz.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>You are sitting.</td>
			<td>oturmak</td>
			<td>otur</td>
			<td>otur</td>
			<td>Oturuyorsunuz.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>They are reading.</td>
			<td>okumak</td>
			<td>oku</td>
			<td>ok</td>
			<td>Okuyor(lar).</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p>
	As you can see, we can make sentences in Turkish without using the personal pronouns <strong>ben</strong>, <strong>sen</strong>, etc.
	If we do use personal pronouns, extra emphasis is added to the person performing the action.
</p>

<p>
	With the verbs <strong>demek</strong> and <strong>yemek</strong>, there is no vowel left after taking the stem and dropping the trailing vowel.
	In this case, we use the vowel <strong>i</strong>.
</p>

<table class="ui celled table">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>English</th>
			<th>Infinitive</th>
			<th>Stem</th>
			<th>Drop trailing vowel</th>
			<th>Personal ending</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>I am saying.</td>
			<td>demek</td>
			<td>de</td>
			<td>d</td>
			<td>Diyorum.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>You are eating.</td>
			<td>yemek</td>
			<td>ye</td>
			<td>y</td>
			<td>Yiyorsun.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

The present continuous

noun

adjective

determiner

verb

adverb

postposition

interjection

conjunction

pronoun

sentence

phrase

Unknown

NOUN - vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

VERB - intransitive, passive

VERB - intransitive, non-passive

VERB - transitive, non-causative

VERB - transitive, causative

VERB - ablative

VERB - dative

VERB - locative

VERB - accusative

VERB - intransitive, reciprocal

VERB - intransitive, reflexive

VERB - auxiliary

(Sen) oturuyorsun.

Breakdown of (Sen) oturuyorsun.