Chinese, Mandarin

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Persian, Dari

Persian, Western

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek, Modern

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

<p>
        In Turkish, we can express the English verb <strong>to be</strong> by adding a suffix to the end of a noun or adjective.
        Which suffix we add depends on the subject the verb applies to.
    </p>

    <table class="ui fixed celled definition table">
        <thead>
			<tr>
				<th></th>
				<th>Singular</th>
				<th>Plural</th>
			</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
			<tr>
				<td>First person</td>
				<td>(y)İm</td>
				<td>(y)İz</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Second person</td>
				<td>sİn</td>
				<td>sİnİz</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Third person</td>
				<td></td>
				<td>(lEr)</td>
			</tr>
    	</tbody>
	</table>

    <p>
        The <strong>y</strong> is between parentheses as usual, since it is only present as a buffer letter to prevent two vowels from ending up next to each other.
    </p>

    <p>
        Below you can see the suffix for <strong>to be</strong> applied to several words. Here <strong>Kişiyim</strong>
        for example means <strong>I am a person</strong>, and <strong>Kadınız</strong> means <strong>We are women</strong>.
        You can guess the rest of the meanings yourself.
    </p>

    <p>
        Note that nouns ending in <strong>ç</strong>, <strong>p</strong>, <strong>t</strong> or <strong>k</strong> can change when followed by a vowel.
        Their last letter can change into <strong>c</strong>, <strong>b</strong>, <strong>d</strong> and <strong>ğ or g</strong> respectively.
        As a general rule, nouns consisting of multiple syllables change their last letter, and nouns consisting of single syllables don't.
        However, there are plenty of exceptions to this rule, which you will need to memorize.
    </p>

    <table class="ui celled definition table">
        <thead>
			<tr>
				<th></th>
				<th>Suffix</th>
				<th>Kişi</th>
				<th>Gül</th>
				<th>Çocuk</th>
				<th>Ağaç.</th>
			</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
			<tr>
				<td>Ben</td>
				<td>(y)İm</td>
				<td>Kişiyim.</td>
				<td>Gülüm.</td>
				<td>Çocuğum.</td>
				<td>Ağacım.</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Sen</td>
				<td>sİn</td>
				<td>Kişisin.</td>
				<td>Gülsün.</td>
				<td>Çocuksun.</td>
				<td>Ağaçsın.</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>O</td>
				<td></td>
				<td>Kişi.</td>
				<td>Gül.</td>
				<td>Çocuk.</td>
				<td>Ağaç.</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Biz</td>
				<td>(y)İz</td>
				<td>Kişiyiz.</td>
				<td>Gülüz.</td>
				<td>Çocuğuz.</td>
				<td>Ağacız.</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Siz</td>
				<td>sİnİz</td>
				<td>Kişisiniz.</td>
				<td>Gülsünüz.</td>
				<td>Çocuksunuz.</td>
				<td>Ağaçsınız.</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Onlar</td>
				<td>(lEr)</td>
				<td>Kişi(ler).</td>
				<td>Gül(ler).</td>
				<td>Çocuk(lar).</td>
				<td>Ağaç(lar).</td>
			</tr>
		</tbody>
	</table>

    <p>
        Again, the <strong>lEr</strong> at the end of the third person plural is not always present. We don't use <strong>lEr</strong> when speaking about inanimate objects.
        When referring to humans or animals, <strong>lEr</strong> is optional and is often not used when the subject is present in the sentence, already indicating plurality.
    </p>

The verb "to be"

noun

adjective

determiner

verb

adverb

postposition

interjection

conjunction

pronoun

sentence

phrase

Unknown

NOUN - vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

VERB - intransitive, passive

VERB - intransitive, non-passive

VERB - transitive, non-causative

VERB - transitive, causative

VERB - ablative

VERB - dative

VERB - locative

VERB - accusative

VERB - intransitive, reciprocal

VERB - intransitive, reflexive

VERB - auxiliary

Counting to 10

Fruits

The days of the week

The months of the year

Demonstratives

Adjectives

Vegetables

Animals extended

Hello and goodbye

Colors

First degree family

Nouns and articles

Plural nouns and minor vowel harmony

Personal pronouns

There is and there are

The infinitive and the stem

The imperative and major vowel harmony

The present continuous

The locative case suffix

The accusative case suffix

The dative case suffix

Final consonant harmony

Negative verbs

Questions in the present continuous

Questions with the verb "to be"

The imperative

The imperative forms of yemek and demek

Different uses of the present continuous

Irregular verbs

The Turkish alphabet

The indefinite article and the number one

The negative form of "to be"

Question words

Meeting people

Conjunctions

Stress inside questions

Locative location pronouns

Dative and ablative location pronouns

Accusative and locative personal pronouns

The genitive case suffix

Genitive personal pronouns

Extended family

The possession suffix

Dative and ablative personal pronouns

Expressing possession with var and yok

Clothing

The head and related parts

Compound nouns

Body parts

Combining suffixes

Water and the possession suffix

Vowel elimination on suffixation

Location postpositions

Location postpositions 2

Extra vocabulary and expressions

The ablative case suffix

Wearing things

Demonstratives with case suffixes

Counting larger numbers

Using numbers and quantifiers

A bit much and more and less

Animals

Telling time

The instrumentative

The definite simple past

Food

Nuts

Countries

Traffic and directions

The weather

With and without

Nationalities

Home

Question	Answer
I am a person.	(Ben) (bir) kişiyim.
I am big.	(Ben) büyüğüm.
You are a child.	(Sen) (bir) çocuksun.
You are important.	(Sen) önemlisin.
It is a dog.	(O) (bir) köpek.
He is important.	(O) önemli.
age	yaş
old^{FOR LIVING BEINGS}	yaşlı
We are old.	(Biz) yaşlıyız.
We are dogs.	(Biz) köpeğiz.
We are trees.	(Biz) ağacız.
You are big.	(Siz) büyüksünüz.
They are normal.	Onlar normal.
They are children.	Çocuklar.
The houses are big.	Evler büyük.

Turkish 19 - The verb "to be"

Contributors