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<p>
        In Turkish, we can express the English verb <strong>to be</strong> by adding a suffix to the end of a noun or adjective.
        Which suffix we add depends on the subject the verb applies to.
    </p>

    <table class="ui fixed celled definition table">
        <thead>
			<tr>
				<th></th>
				<th>Singular</th>
				<th>Plural</th>
			</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
			<tr>
				<td>First person</td>
				<td>(y)İm</td>
				<td>(y)İz</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Second person</td>
				<td>sİn</td>
				<td>sİnİz</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Third person</td>
				<td></td>
				<td>(lEr)</td>
			</tr>
    	</tbody>
	</table>

    <p>
        The <strong>y</strong> is between parentheses as usual, since it is only present as a buffer letter to prevent two vowels from ending up next to each other.
    </p>

    <p>
        Below you can see the suffix for <strong>to be</strong> applied to several words. Here <strong>Kişiyim</strong>
        for example means <strong>I am a person</strong>, and <strong>Kadınız</strong> means <strong>We are women</strong>.
        You can guess the rest of the meanings yourself.
    </p>

    <p>
        Note that nouns ending in <strong>ç</strong>, <strong>p</strong>, <strong>t</strong> or <strong>k</strong> can change when followed by a vowel.
        Their last letter can change into <strong>c</strong>, <strong>b</strong>, <strong>d</strong> and <strong>ğ or g</strong> respectively.
        As a general rule, nouns consisting of multiple syllables change their last letter, and nouns consisting of single syllables don't.
        However, there are plenty of exceptions to this rule, which you will need to memorize.
    </p>

    <table class="ui celled definition table">
        <thead>
			<tr>
				<th></th>
				<th>Suffix</th>
				<th>Kişi</th>
				<th>Gül</th>
				<th>Çocuk</th>
				<th>Ağaç.</th>
			</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
			<tr>
				<td>Ben</td>
				<td>(y)İm</td>
				<td>Kişiyim.</td>
				<td>Gülüm.</td>
				<td>Çocuğum.</td>
				<td>Ağacım.</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Sen</td>
				<td>sİn</td>
				<td>Kişisin.</td>
				<td>Gülsün.</td>
				<td>Çocuksun.</td>
				<td>Ağaçsın.</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>O</td>
				<td></td>
				<td>Kişi.</td>
				<td>Gül.</td>
				<td>Çocuk.</td>
				<td>Ağaç.</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Biz</td>
				<td>(y)İz</td>
				<td>Kişiyiz.</td>
				<td>Gülüz.</td>
				<td>Çocuğuz.</td>
				<td>Ağacız.</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Siz</td>
				<td>sİnİz</td>
				<td>Kişisiniz.</td>
				<td>Gülsünüz.</td>
				<td>Çocuksunuz.</td>
				<td>Ağaçsınız.</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Onlar</td>
				<td>(lEr)</td>
				<td>Kişi(ler).</td>
				<td>Gül(ler).</td>
				<td>Çocuk(lar).</td>
				<td>Ağaç(lar).</td>
			</tr>
		</tbody>
	</table>

    <p>
        Again, the <strong>lEr</strong> at the end of the third person plural is not always present. We don't use <strong>lEr</strong> when speaking about inanimate objects.
        When referring to humans or animals, <strong>lEr</strong> is optional and is often not used when the subject is present in the sentence, already indicating plurality.
    </p>

The verb "to be"

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

NOUN - no vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

NOUN - vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

phrase

postposition

pronoun

sentence

Unknown

verb

VERB - ablative

VERB - accusative

VERB - auxiliary

VERB - dative

VERB - intransitive, non-passive

VERB - intransitive, passive

VERB - intransitive, reciprocal

VERB - intransitive, reflexive

VERB - locative

VERB - transitive, causative

VERB - transitive, non-causative

Counting to 10

Fruits

The days of the week

The months of the year

Demonstratives

Adjectives

Vegetables

Animals extended

Hello and goodbye

Colors

First degree family

Nouns and articles

Plural nouns and minor vowel harmony

Personal pronouns

There is and there are

The infinitive and the stem

The imperative and major vowel harmony

The present continuous

The locative case suffix

The accusative case suffix

The dative case suffix

Final consonant harmony

Negative verbs

Questions in the present continuous

Questions with the verb "to be"

The imperative

The imperative forms of yemek and demek

Different uses of the present continuous

Irregular verbs

The Turkish alphabet

The indefinite article and the number one

The negative form of "to be"

Question words

Meeting people

Conjunctions

Stress inside questions

Locative location pronouns

Dative and ablative location pronouns

Accusative and locative personal pronouns

The genitive case suffix

Genitive personal pronouns

Extended family

The possession suffix

Dative and ablative personal pronouns

Expressing possession with var and yok

Clothing

The head and related parts

Compound nouns

Body parts

Combining suffixes

Water and the possession suffix

Vowel elimination on suffixation

Location postpositions

Location postpositions 2

Extra vocabulary and expressions

The ablative case suffix

Wearing things

Demonstratives with case suffixes

Counting larger numbers

Using numbers and quantifiers

A bit much and more and less

Animals

Telling time

The instrumentative

The definite simple past

Food

Nuts

Countries

Traffic and directions

The weather

With and without

Nationalities

Home

Question	Answer
I am a person.	(Ben) (bir) kişiyim.
I am big.	(Ben) büyüğüm.
You are a child.	(Sen) (bir) çocuksun.
You are important.	(Sen) önemlisin.
It is a dog.	(O) (bir) köpek.
He is important.	(O) önemli.
age	yaş
old^{FOR LIVING BEINGS}	yaşlı
We are old.	(Biz) yaşlıyız.
We are dogs.	(Biz) köpeğiz.
We are trees.	(Biz) ağacız.
You are big.	(Siz) büyüksünüz.
They are normal.	Onlar normal.
They are children.	Çocuklar.
The houses are big.	Evler büyük.

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