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In English we express location using words such as in, at, on and by.
 In Turkish the locative case suffix is used to express location.
 The locative case suffix is DE and is added to the end of a noun.
 

 <table class="ui celled fixed table">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>in the park</td>
 <td>parkta</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>at home</td>
 <td>evde</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>on the table</td>
 <td>masada</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>by the river</td>
 <td>nehirde</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
 </table>

 
 The suffix DE obeys what we will call suffix consonant harmony, which determines whether the first consonant in the suffix is voiced or voiceless depending on the voicedness of the letter that comes before it.
 If the sound before the suffix is voiceless the suffix starts with a t. If the sound before the suffix is voiced the suffix starts with a d.
 A sound is voiced when our vocal cords are vibrating while producing the sound. You can feel whether your vocal cords are vibrating by touching your throat while producing sounds.
 
 
 All vowels are voiced. Beneath you can see which consonants are voiceless and which are voiced.
 
 <table class="ui celled definition table">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Voiceless</td>
 <td>ç</td>
 <td>k</td>
 <td>t</td>
 <td>p</td>
 <td>s</td>
 <td>f</td>
 <td>h</td>
 <td>ş</td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Voiced</td>
 <td>c</td>
 <td>g</td>
 <td>d</td>
 <td>b</td>
 <td>z</td>
 <td>v</td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td>ğ</td>
 <td>j</td>
 <td>l</td>
 <td>m</td>
 <td>n</td>
 <td>r</td>
 <td>y</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
 </table>
 
 Actually, ğ is not voiced, but because it extends the sound of the preceding vowel, it behaves as a voiced consonant.
 
 
 In the table at the top park ends in a k which is voiceless and therefore we added ta,
 while ev, masa and nehir all end in a voiced sound and therefore we added dE.
 
 
 A mnemonic device to remember all voiceless consonants is the sentence Fe PaŞa ÇoK HaSTa, which contains all voiceless consonants.
 Meanwhile, remember that all vowels are voiced.

The locative case suffix

noun

adjective

determiner

verb

adverb

postposition

interjection

conjunction

pronoun

sentence

phrase

Unknown

NOUN - vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

VERB - intransitive, passive

VERB - intransitive, non-passive

VERB - transitive, non-causative

VERB - transitive, causative

VERB - ablative

VERB - dative

VERB - locative

VERB - accusative

VERB - intransitive, reciprocal

VERB - intransitive, reflexive

VERB - auxiliary

Counting to 10

Fruits

The days of the week

The months of the year

Demonstratives

Adjectives

Vegetables

Animals extended

Hello and goodbye

Colors

First degree family

Nouns and articles

Plural nouns and minor vowel harmony

Personal pronouns

The verb "to be"

There is and there are

The infinitive and the stem

The imperative and major vowel harmony

The present continuous

The accusative case suffix

The dative case suffix

Final consonant harmony

Negative verbs

Questions in the present continuous

Questions with the verb "to be"

The imperative

The imperative forms of yemek and demek

Different uses of the present continuous

Irregular verbs

The Turkish alphabet

The indefinite article and the number one

The negative form of "to be"

Question words

Meeting people

Conjunctions

Stress inside questions

Locative location pronouns

Dative and ablative location pronouns

Accusative and locative personal pronouns

The genitive case suffix

Genitive personal pronouns

Extended family

The possession suffix

Dative and ablative personal pronouns

Expressing possession with var and yok

Clothing

The head and related parts

Compound nouns

Body parts

Combining suffixes

Water and the possession suffix

Vowel elimination on suffixation

Location postpositions

Location postpositions 2

Extra vocabulary and expressions

The ablative case suffix

Wearing things

Demonstratives with case suffixes

Counting larger numbers

Using numbers and quantifiers

A bit much and more and less

Animals

Telling time

The instrumentative

The definite simple past

Food

Nuts

Countries

Traffic and directions

The weather

With and without

Nationalities

Home

Question	Answer
The cat is in the tree.	Kedi ağaçta.
table	masa
The book is on the table.	Kitap masada.
hotel	otel
I am in the hotel.	Oteldeyim.
park	park
We are in the park.	Parktayız.
to live^SOMEWHERE	oturmak
I live in Istanbul.	İstanbul'da oturuyorum.
I am staying in a hotel.	(Bir) otelde kalıyorum.
river	nehir
river	ırmak
They are walking by the river^I.	Irmakta yürüyorlar.
holiday; vacation	tatil
I am on vacation.	Tatildeyim.
office	ofis
I am working in an office.	(Bir) ofiste çalışıyorum.
car	araba
garage	garaj
The cars are in the garage.	Arabalar garajda.

Turkish 20 - The locative case suffix

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