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<p>
	As you've read in the previous lesson, Turkish expresses time in relative clauses using <strong>lexical</strong> means,
	which means adding words to express the time.
</p>

<table class="ui fixed celled table">
    <tbody>
        <tr data-item="27319"></tr>
        <tr data-item="27320"></tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

<p>
	The words <strong>bugün</strong> and <strong>dün</strong> are normally interpreted to be when the running happened.
	However, as Turkish is very flexible in its word ordering,
	it is also possible to interpret <strong>bugün</strong> and <strong>dün</strong> as modifying the <strong>gördüm</strong>.
	That kind of interpretation would mean the act of <strong>seeing</strong> happened today/yesterday, not the <strong>running</strong>.
</p>

<p>
	There is no way around this, so the sentences are potentially ambiguous.
	However for pragmatic reasons we always assume that when you use such a construction, you aim to give temporal information about the verb of the embedded clause.
</p>

<p>
	With the help of relativizers we can express two or more events in the same sentence, which are normally expressed using two sentences.
</p>

<table class="ui fixed celled table">
    <thead>
        <tr>
			<th>Sentences without Relative Clause</th>
            <th>Sentence with Relative Clause</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
			<td>Adam koşuyor. Onu gördüm.</td>
			<td>Koş<strong>an</strong> adamı gördüm.</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

<p>
	In the sentence with the relative clause above,
	<strong>Adam koşuyor</strong> is transformed into an embedded clause and used as the object of the main clause.
</p>

<p>
	When relativizing sentences with <strong>var</strong>, <strong>yok</strong>, <strong>değil</strong>,
	and when relativizing <strong>to be</strong> sentences (e.g. <strong>Öğretmen mutlu</strong>),
	we use the auxiliary verb <strong>olmak</strong> in its relativized form <strong>olan</strong>.
	The negative form <strong>olmamak</strong> becomes <strong>olmayan</strong> when relativized.
</p>

<table class="ui fixed celled table">
    <thead>
        <tr>
			<th>Full sentence</th>
            <th>Relative Clause</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
			<td>Öğretmen mutlu.</td>
			<td>Mutlu <strong>olan</strong> öğretmen</td>
        </tr>	
		<tr>
			<td>Kamil akıllı değil.</td>
			<td>Akıllı <strong>olmayan</strong> Kamil</td>
        </tr>		
		<tr>
			<td>Öğrencinin parası yok.</td>
			<td>Parası <strong>olmayan</strong> öğrenci</td>
        </tr>	
		<tr>
			<td>Erik'in kedisi var.</td>
			<td>Kedisi <strong>olan</strong> Erik</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

Relative Clauses 2: -(y)En

noun

adjective

determiner

verb

adverb

postposition

interjection

conjunction

pronoun

sentence

phrase

Unknown

NOUN - vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

VERB - intransitive, passive

VERB - intransitive, non-passive

VERB - transitive, non-causative

VERB - transitive, causative

VERB - ablative

VERB - dative

VERB - locative

VERB - accusative

VERB - intransitive, reciprocal

VERB - intransitive, reflexive

VERB - auxiliary

Counting to 10

Fruits

The days of the week

The months of the year

Demonstratives

Adjectives

Vegetables

Animals extended

Hello and goodbye

Colors

First degree family

Nouns and articles

Plural nouns and minor vowel harmony

Personal pronouns

The verb "to be"

There is and there are

The infinitive and the stem

The imperative and major vowel harmony

The present continuous

The locative case suffix

The accusative case suffix

The dative case suffix

Final consonant harmony

Negative verbs

Questions in the present continuous

Questions with the verb "to be"

The imperative

The imperative forms of yemek and demek

Different uses of the present continuous

Irregular verbs

The Turkish alphabet

The indefinite article and the number one

The negative form of "to be"

Question words

Meeting people

Conjunctions

Stress inside questions

Locative location pronouns

Dative and ablative location pronouns

Accusative and locative personal pronouns

The genitive case suffix

Genitive personal pronouns

Extended family

The possession suffix

Dative and ablative personal pronouns

Expressing possession with var and yok

Clothing

The head and related parts

Compound nouns

Body parts

Combining suffixes

Water and the possession suffix

Vowel elimination on suffixation

Location postpositions

Location postpositions 2

Extra vocabulary and expressions

The ablative case suffix

Wearing things

Demonstratives with case suffixes

Counting larger numbers

Using numbers and quantifiers

A bit much and more and less

Animals

Telling time

The instrumentative

The definite simple past

Food

Nuts

Countries

Traffic and directions

The weather

With and without

Nationalities

Question	Answer
I saw the man who was running today.	Bugün koşan adamı gördüm.
I saw the woman who was walking yesterday.	Dün yürüyen kadını gördüm.
I broke the glass which fell just now.	Demin düşen bardağı ben kırdım.
homeless person, hobo	evsiz
bench	bank
The homeless person sleeping on the bench	Bankta uyuyan evsiz
to (get) rest, to relax	dinlenmek
I can't rest because of an unending (piece of) homework.	Bitmeyen bir ödev yüzünden dinlenemiyorum.
The teacher who is happy	Mutlu olan öğretmen
Kamil who is not smart	Akıllı olmayan Kamil
The student who has no money	Parası olmayan öğrenci
Erik who has a cat	Kedisi olan Erik

Turkish 159 - Relative Clauses 2: -(y)En

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