Turkish

<p>
	As you've read in the previous lesson, Turkish expresses time in relative clauses using <strong>lexical</strong> means,
	which means adding words to express the time.
</p>

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    <tbody>
        <tr data-item="27319"></tr>
        <tr data-item="27320"></tr>
    </tbody>
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<p>
	The words <strong>bugün</strong> and <strong>dün</strong> are normally interpreted to be when the running happened.
	However, as Turkish is very flexible in its word ordering,
	it is also possible to interpret <strong>bugün</strong> and <strong>dün</strong> as modifying the <strong>gördüm</strong>.
	That kind of interpretation would mean the act of <strong>seeing</strong> happened today/yesterday, not the <strong>running</strong>.
</p>

<p>
	There is no way around this, so the sentences are potentially ambiguous.
	However for pragmatic reasons we always assume that when you use such a construction, you aim to give temporal information about the verb of the embedded clause.
</p>

<p>
	With the help of relativizers we can express two or more events in the same sentence, which are normally expressed using two sentences.
</p>

<table class="ui fixed celled table">
    <thead>
        <tr>
			<th>Sentences without Relative Clause</th>
            <th>Sentence with Relative Clause</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
			<td>Adam koşuyor. Onu gördüm.</td>
			<td>Koş<strong>an</strong> adamı gördüm.</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

<p>
	In the sentence with the relative clause above,
	<strong>Adam koşuyor</strong> is transformed into an embedded clause and used as the object of the main clause.
</p>

<p>
	When relativizing sentences with <strong>var</strong>, <strong>yok</strong>, <strong>değil</strong>,
	and when relativizing <strong>to be</strong> sentences (e.g. <strong>Öğretmen mutlu</strong>),
	we use the auxiliary verb <strong>olmak</strong> in its relativized form <strong>olan</strong>.
	The negative form <strong>olmamak</strong> becomes <strong>olmayan</strong> when relativized.
</p>

<table class="ui fixed celled table">
    <thead>
        <tr>
			<th>Full sentence</th>
            <th>Relative Clause</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
			<td>Öğretmen mutlu.</td>
			<td>Mutlu <strong>olan</strong> öğretmen</td>
        </tr>	
		<tr>
			<td>Kamil akıllı değil.</td>
			<td>Akıllı <strong>olmayan</strong> Kamil</td>
        </tr>		
		<tr>
			<td>Öğrencinin parası yok.</td>
			<td>Parası <strong>olmayan</strong> öğrenci</td>
        </tr>	
		<tr>
			<td>Erik'in kedisi var.</td>
			<td>Kedisi <strong>olan</strong> Erik</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

Relative Clauses 2: -(y)En

noun

adjective

determiner

verb

adverb

postposition

interjection

conjunction

pronoun

sentence

phrase

Unknown

NOUN - vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

VERB - intransitive, passive

VERB - intransitive, non-passive

VERB - transitive, non-causative

VERB - transitive, causative

VERB - ablative

VERB - dative

VERB - locative

VERB - accusative

VERB - intransitive, reciprocal

VERB - intransitive, reflexive

VERB - auxiliary

Word	Demin düşen bardağı ben kırdım.
Meaning	I broke the glass which fell just now.
Part of speech	sentence
Pronunciation
Course	Turkish
Lesson	Relative Clauses 2: -(y)En

I	ben
to fall	düşmek
glass	bardak
just now, just a while ago	demin
to break	kırmak

Turkish - Demin düşen bardağı ben kırdım.

Breakdown of Demin düşen bardağı ben kırdım.

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